Knowledge

thumb|upright=1.1|alt=Coin showing the owl of Athena|The owl of Athena, a symbol of knowledge in the Western world

Reason is the capacity to consciously apply logic by drawing valid conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking truth. It is associated with activities considered characteristic of humans, including philosophy, religion, science, language, and mathematics, and is generally considered a distinguishing ability possessed by humans. The term "reason" is sometimes used to refer to rationality, although the latter is more about its application.

A fact is a true datum about one or more aspects of a circumstance, or an occurrence in the real world. Standard reference works are often used to check facts. Scientific facts are verified by careful, repeatable observation or measurement by experiments or other means. Generally speaking, facts are independent of belief, knowledge and opinion. Facts are different from inferences, theories, values, and objects.

thumbnail|Observing the air traffic in Rõuge, [[Estonia]]

A skill is the learned or innate

thumb|Adolf von Becker: The Art Expert

Understanding is a cognitive process related to an abstract or physical object, such as a person, situation, or message whereby one is able to use concepts to model that object. Understanding is a relation between the knower and an object of understanding. Understanding implies abilities and dispositions with respect to an object of knowledge that are sufficient to support intelligent behavior.

Interdisciplinarity, also known as interdisciplinary studies, is the combination of multiple academic disciplines into one activity (e.g., a research project). It draws knowledge from several fields such as sociology, anthropology, psychology, economics, etc. It is related to an interdiscipline or an interdisciplinary field, which is an organizational unit that crosses traditional boundaries between academic disciplines or schools of thought, as new needs and professions emerge. Large engineering teams are usually interdisciplinary in nature, as the development of a power station, mobile phone

thumb|right|250px|The term "obscurationism" was coined during debates involving scholar Johann Reuchlin|Johannes Reuchlin (1455–1522). Obscurantism, also called obscurationism, is a polemical charge of deliberately presenting information in an abstruse and imprecise manner that limits further inquiry and understanding of a subject. Obscurantism has been defined as anti-intellectual opposition to the dissemination of knowledge and as writing characterized by deliberate vagueness.

one of the Delphic maxims

understanding of a one's own needs and motives

reading and writing skills that are inadequate "to manage daily living and employment tasks that require reading skills beyond a basic level."

Gnosis is the common Greek noun for knowledge (γνῶσις, gnōsis, f.). The term was used among various Hellenistic religions and philosophies in the Greco-Roman world. It is best known for its implication within Gnosticism, where it signifies a spiritual knowledge or insight into humanity's real nature as divine, leading to the deliverance of the divine spark within humanity from the constraints of earthly existence.

Omniscience is the property of possessing maximal knowledge. In Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and the Abrahamic religions, it is often attributed to a divine being or an all-knowing spirit, entity or person. In Jainism, omniscience is an attribute that any individual can eventually attain. In Buddhism, there are differing beliefs about omniscience among different schools.

In philosophy, '''' (; ) is knowledge or understanding. The term epistemology'' (the branch of philosophy concerning knowledge) is derived from .

culturally valued knowledge communicated by a range of non-specialist media

set of principles and methodologies related to the production and distribution of knowledge works in an open manner

In Indian philosophy and religions, '''''''''' (, ) is "knowledge".

knowledge that is difficult to transfer to another person by means of writing it down or verbalizing it

thumb|upright=1.1|The Scholar and His Books by Gerbrand van den Eeckhout A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.

Latin aphorism often claimed to mean organized "knowledge is power"

knowledge that has been articulated, codified, and stored in certain media

thumb|Children in Laos have fun as they improve numeracy with "Number Bingo". They roll three dice, construct an equation from the numbers to produce a new number, then cover that number on the board, trying to get four in a row. thumb|Number bingo improves math skills. LPB Laos. Numeracy is the ability to understand, reason with, and apply simple numerical concepts; it is the numerical counterpart of literacy. The charity National Numeracy states: "Numeracy means understanding how mathematics is used in the real world and being able to apply it to make the best possible decisions...It's as mu

person with special knowledge, skills or authority in a particular area of endeavor

Metaknowledge or meta-knowledge is knowledge about knowledge.

figure of speech

valid knowledge which cannot be contradicted and true knowledge which is the knowledge of the self intuitively gained

the proposition that human minds are constitutionally incapable of solving certain perennial philosophical problems

information that is spread throughout the market and not in the hands of a single agent

metric measuring the decay of knowledge