Kungurian life

Helicoprion is an extinct genus of large shark-like cartilaginous fish that lived from the Early to the Middle Permian, about 290-270 million years ago. Helicoprion is a member of the Eugeneodontiformes, an extinct order of cartilaginous fish within the clade Holocephali, a group today represented only by chimaeras. It is also the type genus of the Helicoprionidae, a family of eugeneodonts characterised by distinctive tooth structures called tooth whorls. Helicoprion was first named in 1899 by Alexander Karpinsky on the basis of fossils discovered in Russia and Australia, the generic name mean

Cotylorhynchus is an extinct genus of herbivorous caseid synapsids that lived during the late Lower Permian (Kungurian) and possibly the early Middle Permian (Roadian) in what is now the states of Texas and Oklahoma. The large number of specimens found make it the best-known caseid.

Secodontosaurus (meaning "cutting-tooth lizard") is an extinct genus of "pelycosaur" synapsids that lived from between about 285 to 272 million years ago during the Early Permian. Like the well known Dimetrodon, Secodontosaurus is a carnivorous member of the Eupelycosauria family Sphenacodontidae and has a similar tall dorsal sail. However, its skull is long, low, and narrow, with slender jaws that have teeth that are very similar in size and shape—unlike the shorter, deep skull of Dimetrodon ("two-measure tooth"), which has large, prominent canine-like teeth in front and smaller slicing teeth

Labidosaurikos is a genus of extinct captorhinid tetrapods that lived around 279 to 272 million years ago during Kungurian age of the lower Permian. The American paleontologist John Willis Stovall first described Labidosaurikos in 1950, naming it "Labidosaurus like" for the striking similarity of the holotype skull of his specimen to the cranial anatomy of another captorhinid Labidosaurus hamatus.

Timonya is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian represented by the type species Timonya anneae from the Early Permian of Brazil. Timonya is a basal member of a clade or evolutionary grouping of temnospondyls called Dvinosauria. It was named in 2015 on the basis of several specimens from the lower part of the Pedra de Fogo Formation in Parnaíba Basin, which is about 278 million years old. It was likely a small aquatic predator that inhabited lakes and wetland areas. During the Early Permian the center of tetrapod diversity was in the equatorial regions of the supercontinent Pangea, and Ti