Laboratory techniques in condensed matter physics

technique used for determining the atomic or molecular structure of a crystal, in which the ordered atoms cause a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into specific directions

physical phenomenon

a technique for the determination of the surface structure of single-crystalline materials

spectroscopy method employing microwaves

experimental technique to determine the distributions of electrons in solids

family of non-destructive analytical techniques

alt=Collection of a ptychographic imaging data set in the simplest single-aperture configuration.|thumb|Collection of a ptychographic imaging data set in the simplest single-aperture configuration. (a) Coherent illumination incident from the left is locally confined onto an area of the specimen. A detector downstream of the specimen records an interference pattern. (b) The specimen is shifted (in this case, upwards) and a second pattern is recorded. Note that regions of illumination must overlap with one another to facilitate the ptychographic shift-invariance constraint. (c) A whole ptychogra