Law of war

individual act constituting a serious violation of the laws of war

('occasion for war') is an act or event that provokes or is used to justify war

1928 international agreement

form of surrender

agreement between two or more hostile parties which formally ends a state of war

international laws concerning wars

thumb|Ukrainian children in a shelter in Kropyvnytskyi, 1 March 2022, during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]

formal announcement by which one state goes to war against another

act with the intent of disguising the actual source of responsibility and pinning blame on a second party

symbol with different meanings throughout history and depending on the locale

in war, a city in which one side abandons all defensive efforts

cessation of fighting by the losing party

thumb|Afghan soldiers on patrol in 2011, during the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan. As adult armed personnel in active service with a military force, they would legally be considered combatants and therefore could launch targeted attacks against, or be subject to targeted attacks by, opposing armed forces. Combatant is the legal status of a person entitled to directly participate in hostilities during an armed conflict, and may be intentionally targeted by a belligerent for their participation in the armed conflict under the law of war. Combatants are not afforded immunity f

items captured during battle used to commemorate military victories

deliberate placement of non-combatants in or around combat targets to deter an enemy from attacking those targets

war initiated to prevent another party from attacking

execution immediately after being accused of a crime, without a fair trial; usually understood to mean capture, accusation, and execution all conducted during a very short span of time

A reprisal is a limited and deliberate violation of international law to punish another sovereign state that has already broken them. Since the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions (AP 1), reprisals in the laws of war are extremely limited, as they commonly breach the rights of non-combatants.

form of assassination carried by governments against their perceived enemies

guidelines for military force

"case for the alliance" diplomatic term for where the terms of an alliance come into play

thumb|White Landsturm in German East Africa, [[World War I]] In various European countries, the term land storm (, Dutch and , roughly "land assault") was historically used to refer to militia or military units composed of conscripts who were not in the regular army. It is particularly associated with Prussia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Sweden, and the Netherlands.

International Court of Justice pending case

in the context of a conflict with some of the belligerents allied, treaty that brokers peace with one or more of the allies but not others

situation in time of international conflict or war where one state, a party to such conflict, issues to a person, a pass or document to allow the enemy alien to traverse its territory

Lawfare is the use of legal systems and institutions to affect foreign or domestic affairs, as a more peaceful and rational alternative, or as a less benign adjunct, to warfare.

military formations consisting of convicts mobilized for military service

war that is initiated in an attempt to deal with an expected attack before that attack materializes

plea in a court of law that a person should not be held guilty for actions which were ordered by a superior officer

person who directly engages in armed conflict in violation of the laws of war

doctrine of hierarchical accountability

islamic term for offering security or pardon to enemies

thumb|A blindfolded American parlimentaire led by two German soldiers (November 1944) A parlimentaire or parlementaire is defined by the U.S. Department of Defense as "an agent employed by a commander of belligerent forces in the field to go in person within the enemy lines for the purpose of communicating or negotiating openly and directly with the enemy commander".

thumb|upright=1.4|Capture of a Franc-tireur, by Carl Johann Lasch

thumb|right|Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel signing the unconditional surrender of the German Wehrmacht. The term ' or "debellation'" (Latin 'defeating, or the act of conquering or subduing', literally, 'warring (the enemy) down', from Latin 'war') describes a situation in which an interstate war ends not with a peace treaty nor a ceasefire, but with the catastrophic state collapse of the losing party as a result of comprehensive military defeat, typically resulting in the disintegration of the institutions capable of issuing an authoritative instrument of surrender.

sovereign states which remained neutral during World War II

Red Cross international lawyer (1914-2002)

civilian killed, injured, or imprisoned by non-civilians

islamic laws of war

The right of angary is the right of a belligerent (most commonly, a government or other party in conflict) to seize and use, for the purposes of war or to prevent the enemy from doing so, any kind of property on belligerent territory, including what may belong to subjects or citizens of a neutral state.

organization

Rights of a defeated army

Mustaʾmīn or '''Musta'man' () is a historical Islamic term for a non-Muslim foreigner temporarily residing in Muslim lands with aman, or guarantee of short-term safe-conduct (aman mu'aqqat''), affording the protected status of dhimmi (non-Muslim subjects permanently living in a Muslim-ruled land) without the payment of jizya.

Inspection or examination of mail

A hudna (from the Arabic meaning "calm" or "quiet") is a truce or armistice. It is sometimes translated as "cease-fire". In his medieval dictionary of classical Arabic, the Lisan al-Arab, Ibn Manzur defined it as:

military action taken without a declaration of war

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Shtrafbats (, ) were Soviet penal battalions that fought on the Eastern Front in World War II.

697 prohibition against war crimes in Ireland

timeline of formal declarations of war from 1939 to 1945

law that provides immunity for past crimes

people's court set up to investigate the 2003 invasion of Iraq

symbols to be used during an armed conflict to mark persons and objects under the protection of various treaties of international humanitarian law

act of harming oneself where there are no underlying psychological problems

19th-century formulation of customary international law

legal or military operations conducted within a foreign country

principle of international law of war

1835 treaty in the First Carlist War