Lawsuits

In law, an appeal is the process in which cases are reviewed by a higher authority, where parties request a formal change to an official decision. Appeals function both as a process for error correction as well as a process of clarifying and interpreting law. Although appellate courts have existed for thousands of years, common law countries did not incorporate an affirmative right to appeal into their jurisprudence until the 19th century.

A lawsuit is a proceeding by one or more parties (the plaintiff or claimant) against one or more parties (the defendant) in a civil court of law. The archaic term "suit in law" is found in only a small number of laws still in effect today. The term "lawsuit" is used with respect to a civil action brought by a plaintiff (a party who claims to have incurred loss as a result of a defendant's actions) who requests a legal remedy or equitable remedy from a court. The defendant is required to respond to the plaintiff's complaint or else risk default judgment. If the plaintiff is successful, judgment

ongoing case at the International Court of Justice

Abusive lawsuits intended to burden an opponent rather than to win or gain financially

accounting of engagements from disputes or litigation which have or are expected to happen

scientific data, research, or analysis considered to be spurious or fraudulent

loss of enjoyment of life damages, the intangible value of life, as distinct from the human capital value or lost earnings value.

industrial injury

A grievance () is a wrong or hardship suffered, real or supposed, which forms legitimate grounds of complaint. In the past, the word meant the infliction or cause of hardship.

Lawsuits of heirs of Christopher Columbus against Spain

Lawsuit brought by a company shareholder

public controversy