Leaders ousted by a coup

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician, journalist, and dictator who led Italy as Il Duce from 1922 until his overthrow in 1943. He founded the fascist movement in 1919, with the creation of the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento, which became the National Fascist Party (PNF) in 1921. Mussolini was appointed Prime Minister of Italy after the March on Rome in 1922, establishing a totalitarian dictatorship. He oversaw Italy's participation in World War II as a prominent member of the Axis Powers, and was summarily executed near the end of the war in 1945.

former State Counsellor of Myanmar and Leader of the National League for Democracy

leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964

Ghanaian politician (1909–1972)

2nd President of Zimbabwe from 1987 to 2017

President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986

the 14th and last Emperor of Russia (1894–1917)

French revolutionary lawyer and politician (1758–1794)

former General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (1925–1998)

Sukarno (born Koesno Sosrodihardjo; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, activist, and revolutionary who served as the first president of Indonesia from 1945 to 1967.

King of France and Navarre from 1774 to 1791, then King of the French from 1791 to 1792 (1754-1793)

28th president of Chile (1908–1973)

President of Egypt from 2012 to 2013

dictator of Romania from 1965 to 1989

Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974

Patrice Émery Lumumba was a Congolese politician and independence leader who served as the first prime minister of the First Congolese Republic from June until September 1960, following the May 1960 election. Lumumba was the leader of the Congolese National Movement (MNC) from 1958 until his assassination in 1961. Ideologically an African nationalist and pan-Africanist, he played a significant role in the transformation of the Congo from a colony of Belgium into an independent republic.

34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876–1909)

President of Burkina Faso from 1983 to 1987

former President of Nigeria from 1983 to 1985 and 2015 to 2025 (born 1942–2025)

President of Sudan from 1989 to 2019

4th President and 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan (1928–1979)

Cambodian monarch and politician (1922–2012)

president of Argentina (1946–55, 1973–74)

President of Afghanistan from 2014 to 2021 (17 11 2006

President of Cuba, 1940–1944; dictator, 1952-1959 (1901-1973)

9th President of the Republic of Turkey (1924-2015)

President of Algeria from 1963 to 1965

The seventh Emperor of Russia (1762)

former prime minister of Pakistan

Russian politician, prime minister in 1917 (1881–1970)

2nd president (1966–76) and emperor (r. 1976–79) of the Central African Republic

2nd and final Emperor of Brazil (r. 1831–89)

Prime Minister of Thailand form 2001 to 2006

Tunisian politician (1903–2000)

President of Gabon (2009–2023)

3rd President of the Republic of Turkey (1883–1986)

first female president of Argentina from 1974 to 1976

1st President of Georgia (1991–92)

South Vietnamese politician; President of South Vietnam from 1955 to 1963

King of Afghanistan (1933-1973)

military dictator of Paraguay from 1954 to 1989

Regent of Hungary from 1920 to 1944 (1868-1957)

prime minister of Romania during World War II, executed for war crimes (1882–1946)

President of Guinea from 2010 to 2021

Mohammad Mosaddegh was an Iranian politician, author and lawyer who served as the prime minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953, elected by the 16th Majlis. He was elected to the Iranian parliament in 1923 and served through a contentious 1952 election into the 17th Iranian Majlis, until his government was overthrown in the 1953 Iranian coup d'état aided by the intelligence agencies of the United Kingdom (MI6) and the United States (CIA), led by Kermit Roosevelt Jr. As prime minister, he implemented policies that came to be known as Mosaddeghism.

Liliʻuokalani (; Lydia Liliʻu Loloku Walania Kamakaʻeha; September 2, 1838 – November 11, 1917) was the only queen regnant and the last sovereign monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom, ruling from January 29, 1891, until the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom on January 17, 1893, in a coup that was led by the Committee of Safety, composed of seven foreign residents (five Americans, one Scotsman, and one German) and six Hawaiian Kingdom subjects of American descent in Honolulu. The composer of "Aloha ʻOe" and numerous other works, she wrote her autobiography ''Hawaiʻi's Story by Hawaiʻi's Queen'' (189

2nd President of South Korea (1897-1990)

The fifth Emperor of Russia (1740–1741)

President of Burkina Faso from 1987 to 2014

President of Uganda (1966–1971; 1980–1985)

South Korean politician (1899-1966)

29th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1807–1808)

President of Yemen from 2012 to 2022

prime minister of Spain, president of Spain (1880-1940)

Malian politician

Mexican revolutionary leader and president (1873-1913)

Bulgarian politician and royal (born 1937)

Andry Nirina Rajoelina is a politician and businessman who served as the eighth president of Madagascar from 2019 to 2025. He was previously President of the High Transitional Authority from 2009 to 2014 following a political crisis and military-backed coup, having held the office of Mayor of Antananarivo for one year prior. Before entering the political arena, Rajoelina was involved in the private sector, including a printing and advertising company called Injet in 1999 and the Viva radio and television networks in 2007.

Kyrgyzstani politician

Turkish statesperson (1899–1961)