Legal concepts

doctrine that advocates that every citizen, including those in government, is subject to the law

In international law, a stateless person is someone who is "not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law". Some stateless people are also refugees. However, not all refugees are stateless, and many people who are stateless have never crossed an international border. At the end of 2022, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees published an estimation of 4.4 million people worldwide as either stateless or of undetermined nationality, which is 90,800 (or 2%) more than at the end of 2021. However, the data itself is not complete because UNHCR does not have data

system of laws that govern a community

set of laws that govern a community

legitimisation of exclusively state bodies to carry out physical violence

the causal relationship between conduct and result

Duplicity, fraud, or deception

Harm is a moral and legal concept with multiple definitions. It generally functions as a synonym for evil or anything that is bad under certain moral systems. Something that causes harm is harmful, and something that does not is harmless.

latin maxim

defence in a prosecution for a criminal offense

Personhood is the status of having outstanding moral worth. Yet the specific criteria that qualify someone as a person are controversial. In the West, personhood tends to be defined in terms of "sophisticated cognitive capacities;" yet, in other societies, such as sub-Saharan Africa, personhood is more often understood as a relational process. Defining personhood is a controversial topic in philosophy and law and is closely tied with legal and political concepts of citizenship, equality, and liberty. According to law, only a legal person (either a natural or a juridical person) has rights, pro

phrase engraved on the front of the United States Supreme Court building; a societal ideal that has influenced the U.S. legal system

person moving across national borders in a way that violates emigration laws

amount of money or coin, gold, silver, plate, or bullion found hidden

Concept in maritime law