Legal doctrines and principles

inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled

limitation and exception to the exclusive right granted by copyright law to the author of a creative work

Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. Rights are an important concept in law and ethics, especially theories of justice and deontology.

legal principle that one is presumed innocent until proven guilty

Precedent is a judicial decision that serves as an authority for courts when deciding subsequent identical or similar cases. Fundamental to common law legal systems, precedent operates under the principle of stare decisis ("to stand by things decided"), where past judicial decisions serve as case law to guide future rulings, thus promoting consistency and predictability.

power of a state or a national government to take private property for public use

Negligence (Latin: negligentia) is a failure to exercise appropriate care expected to be exercised in similar circumstances.

intention to be fair, open, and honest

Latin legal phrase

risk management strategy emphasizing caution in scientific proceedings

action against the law, subject to punishment

thumb|An emergency medical technician treats a woman who has collapsed in the street in New York. Dangers to life and health are serious enough that emergency response systems are considered vital. thumb|right|Emergency slides are deployed after the crash landing of British Airways Flight 38

either a possible justification or an exculpation for breaking the law

international law term meaning territory which has never been the subject of a sovereign nation

Subsidiarity is a principle of social organization that holds that social and political issues should be dealt with at the most immediate or local level that is consistent with their resolution. The Oxford English Dictionary defines subsidiarity as "the principle that a central authority should have a subsidiary function, performing only those tasks which cannot be performed at a more local level". The concept is applicable in the fields of government, political science, neuropsychology, cybernetics, management and in military command (mission command). The OED adds that the term "subsidiarity

set of guidelines for determining what constitutes a war crime, created by the UN International Law Commission to codify the legal principles underlying the Nuremberg Trials

compelling law (international) that cannot be derogated

set of legal principles supplementing but distinct from the Common Law

possibility to acquire rights and contract obligations for oneself

two types of rights theoretically distinct according to philosophers and political scientists

Latin term used for legal purposes

in law, the obligation on a party in a trial to produce evidence

logical fallacy in which a party asserts that a relatively small first step leads to a chain of related events culminating in some significant effect

In law, a presumption is an "inference of a particular fact". There are two types of presumptions: rebuttable presumptions and irrebuttable (or conclusive) presumptions. A rebuttable presumption will either shift the burden of production (requiring the disadvantaged party to produce some evidence to the contrary) or the burden of proof (requiring the disadvantaged party to show the presumption is wrong); in short, a fact finder can reject a rebuttable presumption based on other evidence. Conversely, a conclusive/irrebuttable presumption cannot be challenged by contradictory facts or evidence.

body of principles that underpin the operation of legal systems

phrase referring to trivial use of copyrighted material

legal doctrine

legal principle

A wrong, or wrength (from Old English – 'crooked'), is an act that is illegal, incorrect, or immoral. Legal wrongs are usually quite clearly defined in the law of a state or jurisdiction. They can be divided into civil wrongs and crimes (or criminal offenses) in common law countries, while civil law countries tend to have some additional categories, such as contraventions. Moral wrong is an underlying concept for legal wrong. Some moral wrongs are punishable by law, for example rape or murder. Other moral wrongs have nothing to do with law but are related to unethical behaviours. On the other

principle

legal doctrine that some acts can be tried regardless of where they occurred, particularly applied to war crimes

legal concept

general principle in law about the scope of punishment for offenses

Latin legal term describing a legal opinion issued in passing

legal status wherein an individual or entity can not be held liable for a violation of the law

claim preclusion in law

set of rules or procedures through which judgements can be determined in a legal case

legal principle that penalties can be imposed only for violations of law

legal theory that says that the national debt incurred by a despotic regime should not be enforceable

contract law principle that controls the sale of real property (and sometimes other goods) after the date of closing

Estoppel is a judicial device whereby a court may prevent or "estop" a person from making assertions or from going back on their word. The person barred from doing so is said to be "estopped". Estoppel may prevent someone from bringing a particular claim. In common law legal systems, the legal doctrine of estoppel is based in both common law and equity. Promissory and proprietary estoppel are specific forms of estoppel reflecting distinct legal traditions within various jurisdictions. Estoppel is also a concept in international law.

requirement that courts respect all legal rights owed to people

Wikimedia glossary list article

Legality is the state of being consistent with the law, the construct of legal power, or lawfulness in a given jurisdiction.

Latin phrase often seen used as title in legal documents or as decorative motto in courtrooms as symbolic of good government; aka "hear both sides"; "listen to the other side"

legal concept concerning a party's connection to or harm from a law or action being challenged

legal doctrine

Law principle

legal term "to be unwilling to pursue"

evidence derived from illegal investigatory conduct

uncodified norms followed by the institutions of a state

principle in law which holds that the laws must be applied predictably and the system must provide those subject to it with the ability to regulate their conduct in order to prevent legal trouble

fundamental public policy doctrine

doctrine of hierarchical accountability

child rights principle

legal doctrine regarding the defensive use of force within one's abode

presumption that a person is guilty of a crime once accused

concept of public international law

concept in UK law

international law term