Legal professions

thumb|Landespolizei|German State Police officer in Hamburg, with the rank of ("police chief master with upgraded pay")

A politician is a person who participates in policy-making processes, usually holding a position in a political party or an elective position in government. Politicians make decisions, and influence the formulation of public policy. The roles or duties that politicians perform vary depending on the level of government, whether local, state, or national. The ideological orientation that politicians adopt often stems from their previous experience, education, beliefs, the political parties they belong to. They try to shape public opinion accordingly.

A lawyer is a person who is qualified to offer advice about the law, draft legal documents, or represent individuals in legal matters.

A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a judicial panel. In an adversarial system, the judge hears all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the barristers or solicitors of the case, assesses the credibility and arguments of the parties, and then issues a ruling in the case based on their interpretation of the law and their own personal judgment. A judge is expected to conduct the trial impartially and, typically, in an open court.

300px|thumb|right|Sign in Banjul, capital of [[The Gambia, giving directions to the ombudsman's office]]

thumb|Detail from the sarcophagus of Roman jurist Valerius Petronianus (315–320) A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyzes and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal education in law (a law degree) and often a legal practitioner.

thumb|right|Symbolic robed figure of a medieval public executioner at Peter and Paul Fortress, [[Saint Petersburg, Russia]] thumb|right|Photograph (Hand-colouring of photographs|hand-coloured), original dated 1898, of the lord high executioner of the former princely state of Rewah, Central India, with large executioner's sword (Tegha sword) thumb|right|Depiction of a public execution in Brueghel's The Triumph of Death 1562–1563 thumb|right|Stylised depiction of public execution of pirates in Hamburg, Germany, 10 September 1573

Marshal is a term used in several official titles in various branches of society. As marshals became trusted members of the courts of Medieval Europe, the title grew in reputation. During the last few centuries, it has been used for elevated offices, such as in military rank and civilian law enforcement.

A prosecutor is a legal representative of the prosecution in states with either the adversarial system, which is adopted in common law, or inquisitorial system, which is adopted in civil law. The prosecution is the legal party responsible for presenting the case in a criminal trial against the defendant, an individual accused of breaking the law. Typically, the prosecutor represents the state or the government in the case brought against the accused person.

thumb|A sheriff's department poses with an illegal still ([[Hamlet, North Carolina; 1909)]] A sheriff is a government official, with varying duties, existing in some countries with historical ties to England where the office originated. There is an analogous, although independently developed, office in Iceland and the Faroe Islands, the , which is commonly translated to English as sheriff.

A constable is a person holding a particular office, most commonly in law enforcement. The office of constable can vary significantly in different jurisdictions. Constable is commonly the rank of an officer within a police service. Other people may be granted powers of a constable without holding this title.

A barrister is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions that originated from the Inns of Court in the medieval English legal system. Barristers mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation. Their tasks include arguing cases in courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, researching the law and giving legal opinions.

The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest ranking government officers, and possessed both judicial and executive powers. In other parts of the world, such as China, magistrate is a word applied to a person responsible for administration over a particular geographic area. Today, in some jurisdictions, a magistrate is a judicial officer who hears cases in a lower court, and typically deals with more minor or preliminary matters. In other jurisdictions (e

presiding officer of a national assembly or legislative body, originated in the Westminster Parliament

person who has the legal authority to care for the personal and property interests of another person or comunity

thumb|Pictures of heralds from the 14th–17th century, from Hugo Gerard Ströhl|H. Ströhl's [[Heraldischer Atlas]] thumb|English and Scottish heralds, wearing tabards, in procession during the [[Coronation of Charles III and Camilla (2023). ]] thumb|Herald Gelre of the Duke of Gueldres (around 1380) thumb|Bavarian herald wearing a tabard of the Coat of arms of Bavaria, around 1510. thumb|A 14th-century illustration showing an English herald approaching Scottish soldiers – an incident of the Anglo-Scottish Wars thumb|right|upright|Tabard worn by an English herald in the [[College of Arms]]

A commissioner (commonly abbreviated as '''Comm'r''') is, in principle, a member of a commission or an individual who has been given a commission (official charge or authority to do something).

person who catches fugitives for a monetary reward

thumb|Charles B Greenlaw, Coroner of Calcutta

A legislator, or lawmaker, is a person who writes and passes laws, especially someone who is a member of a legislature. Legislators are often elected by the people, but they can be appointed, or hereditary. Legislatures may be supra-national (for example, the European Parliament), national, such as the Japanese Diet, sub-national as in provinces, or local.

judicial officer elected or appointed to keep the peace and perform minor civic jobs

A solicitor is a lawyer who traditionally deals with most of the legal matters in some jurisdictions. A person must have legally defined qualifications, which vary from one jurisdiction to another, to be described as a solicitor and enabled to practise there as such. For example, in England and Wales a solicitor is admitted to practise under the provisions of the Solicitors Act 1974. With some exceptions, practising solicitors must possess a practising certificate. There are many more solicitors than barristers in England; they undertake the general aspects of giving legal advice and conductin

in common law jurisdictions, main legal advisor to the government

advises and represents clients in the field of intellectual property and patent law

An executor is someone who is responsible for executing, or following through on, an assigned task or duty. The feminine form executrix is sometimes seen in historical documents. The term usually means an executor of a dead person's estate, which is someone whom a will and testament appoints to administer the dead person's estate and distribute their property as the will directs.

judge who has no legal training

presiding member of a supreme court

member of the U.S. Supreme Court other than the chief justice

financial expert specially trained in tax law

person representing another person in legal matters, and the laws enabling this

judge's or magistrate's assistant

senior officer of the law

An advocate is a professional in the field of law. Different countries and legal systems use the term with somewhat differing meanings. The broad equivalent in many English law–based jurisdictions could be a barrister or a solicitor. However, in Scottish, Manx, South African, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Scandinavian, Polish, Israeli, South Asian and South American jurisdictions, "advocate" indicates a lawyer of superior classification.

officer of the court who is employed to execute writs and processes and make arrests

legal officer authenticating the legal documents emanating from the court

civil position that certifies documents and administers oral oaths and affirmations, Performs in-person or remote notarization of documents

thumb|A paralegal in 2004, photo distributed by National Archives and Records Administration|NARA

person responsible for the efficient administration of a company

lawyer specializing in the defense of individuals and companies charged with criminal conduct

A prothonotary is the "principal clerk of a court," from Late Latin prothonotarius (c. 400), from Greek protonotarios "first scribe," originally the chief of the college of recorders of the court of the Byzantine Empire, from Greek '' protos "first" + Latin notarius ("notary"); the h'' appeared in Medieval Latin. The title was awarded to certain high-ranking notaries, and was first recorded in the English language in 1447.

thumb|right|upright=1.4|The Court of Chancery, which governed fiduciary relations in England prior to the Judicature Acts A fiduciary is a person who holds a legal or ethical relationship of trust with one or more other parties (legal person or group of persons). Typically, a fiduciary prudently takes care of money or other assets for another person. One party, for example, a corporate trust company or the trust department of a bank, acts in a fiduciary capacity to another party, who, for example, has entrusted funds to the fiduciary for safekeeping or investment. Likewise, financial advisers,

Under U.S. law, a conservatorship results from the appointment of a guardian or a protector by a judge to manage the personal or financial affairs of another person who is incapable of fully managing their own affairs due to age or physical or mental limitations. A person under conservatorship is a "conservatee", a term that can refer to an adult. A person under guardianship is a "ward", a term that can also refer to a minor child. Conservatorship may also apply to corporations and organizations.

official process of notifying someone of legal proceedings

person who provides assistance to a judge in researching issues before the court and in writing opinions

title for a detective or investigator for a state, county, municipal, federal or tribal government

state officer for heraldic, armorial or ceremonial duties

Trustee (or the holding of a trusteeship) is a legal term which, in its broadest sense, refers to anyone in a position of trust and so can refer to any individual who holds property, authority, or a position of trust or responsibility for the benefit of another. A trustee can also be a person who is allowed to do certain tasks but not able to gain income. Although in the strictest sense of the term a trustee is the holder of property on behalf of a beneficiary, the more expansive sense encompasses persons who serve, for example, on the board of trustees of an institution that operates for a ch

An adjudicator is someone who presides, judges, and arbitrates during a formal dispute or competition. They have numerous purposes, including preliminary legal judgments, to determine applicant eligibility, or to assess contenders' performance in competitions.

entity, often an individual, in charge of administering a bankruptcy estate

lawyer who specializes in corporate law

profession of those who study, develop and apply law, such as: lawyers, judges, etc.

agent who helps secure the release of individuals by ensuring their presence at a court hearing

lawyer appointed to investigate, and potentially prosecute, a particular case of suspected wrongdoing for which a conflict of interest exists for the usual prosecuting authority (United States)

thumb|Giant likeness of Qazybek Biy in [[Karaganda, Kazakhstan]] Biy () were elected Kazakh judges and administrators during the Kazakh Khanate era. Biys were below Sultans in rank. Many consider "Biy" to simply be a Kazakh variation of "Bey", though there are major differences: like, for example, the fact that "biy" is not an inheritable position.

involvement of women in the study and practice of law

public-sector employee whose duties primarily involve the enforcement of laws

official post in a governement

principal official of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

chief executive officer of a judicial forum

legal position in common law countries