Leporininae

thumb|Leporinus bahiensis Leporinus is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Anostomidae, the toothed headstanders. The fishes in this genus are found in South America. The fossil species Leporinus scalabrinii, known from the late Miocene of Entre Ríos in Argentina, has only recently been added to this genus after being misidentified as a species of primate under the name Arrhinolemur scalabrinii for over 100 years.

Schizodon is a genus of headstander from South America. Though found widely in tropical freshwater habitats in the continent, the greatest species richness is in the Paraná–Paraguay–Uruguay river basin. They reach up to in standard length. They are herbivorous, feeding on fruits, seeds, algae, macrophytes, leaves and roots. thumb|Schizodon vittatus

Abramites is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Anostomidae, the toothed headstanders. These fishes are found in South America.

Anostomoides is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Anostomidae, the toothed headstanders. These fishes are found in South America.

Brevidens is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Anostomidae, the toothed headstanders. The only species in this genus is Brevidens striatus, a fish found in tropical South America.

Rhytiodus is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Anostomidae, the toothed headstanders. The fishes in this genus are found in the basin of the Amazon River in South America.

Hypomasticus is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Anostomidae, the toothed headstanders. These fishes are found in South America.

Laemolyta is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Anostomidae, the toothed headstanders. The fishes in this genus are found in the Orinoco and Amazon Basins in South America.

Insperanos is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Anostomidae, the toothed headstanders. The only species in this genus is Insperanos nattereri, which is found in the Rio Negro, Aleixo Lake, and the central Amazon basin in Brazil. It is the only member of the genus Insperanos. Prior to 2021, it was classified in the large genus Leporinus, but was moved to its own monotypic genus in 2021 after a phylogenetic analysis found it to represent an evolutionarily basal member of the subfamily. It is thought to be a relatively ancient genus, having diverged from t