Lombards

thumb|upright=1.2|Lombard possessions in Italy: the Lombard Kingdom (Neustria (Lombard)|Neustria, Austria and Tuscia) and the Lombard Duchies of Spoleto and Benevento

duchy

Mediaeval duchy in central Italy, circa 575–1201

extinct Germanic language

work by Paulus Diaconus

Principality in Modern Day Italy from the 9th century to 11th

Italian polity (568–828)

7th-century Latin book

Longobardia (, also variously Λογγιβαρδία, Longibardia and Λαγουβαρδία, Lagoubardia) was a Byzantine term for the territories controlled by the Lombards in the Italian Peninsula. In the ninth and tenth centuries, it was also the name of a Byzantine military-civilian province (or thema) known as the Theme of Longobardia located in southeastern Italy.

early medieval Lombard stonemasons

titre

The gairethinx ("spear assembly") was a Lombard ceremony in which edicts and laws were affirmed by the army. It may have involved the entire army banging their spears on their shields; or it may have been a much quieter event.

war in eastern Europe

Gondibert is an epic poem by William Davenant. In it he attempts to combine the five-act structure of English Renaissance drama with the Homeric and Virgilian epic literary tradition. Davenant also sought to incorporate modern philosophical theories about government and passion, based primarily in the work of Thomas Hobbes, to whom Davenant sent drafts of the poem for review.