Lying

thumb|The fictional character Pinocchio is a common depiction of a liar. A lie is an assertion that is believed to be false, typically used with the intention of deceiving or misleading someone. The practice of communicating lies is called lying. A person who communicates a lie may be termed a liar. Lies can be interpreted as deliberately false statements or misleading statements, though not all statements that are literally false are considered lies – metaphors, hyperboles, and other figurative rhetoric are not intended to mislead, while lies are explicitly meant for literal interpretation by

false or misleading information presented as news

Disinformation is false or misleading information deliberately spread to deceive people, or to secure economic or political gain and which may cause public harm. Disinformation is an orchestrated adversarial activity in which actors employ strategic deceptions and media manipulation tactics to advance political, military, or commercial goals. Disinformation is implemented through coordinated campaigns that "weaponize multiple rhetorical strategies and forms of knowing—including not only falsehoods but also truths, half-truths, and value judgements—to exploit and amplify culture wars and other

Deception is the act of convincing of one or many recipients of untrue information. The person creating the deception knows it to be false while the receiver of the information does not. It is often done for personal gain or advantage.

upright=1.3|thumb|The Dreadnought hoax|Dreadnought hoaxers in Abyssinian [[regalia; the bearded figure on the far left is the writer Virginia Woolf.]] A hoax (: hoaxes) is a widely publicised falsehood created to deceive its audience with false and often astonishing information, with the either malicious or humorous intent of causing shock and interest in as many people as possible.

Perjury (also known as forswearing) is the intentional act of swearing a false oath or falsifying an affirmation to tell the truth, whether spoken or in writing, concerning matters material to an official proceeding.

behavior of habitual or compulsive lying

statement of a liar who states that they are lying: for instance, declaring that "I am lying" or "everything I say is false"

gross distortion or misrepresentation of the truth

book

untruth propagated to strengthen social harmony

biblical married couple, members of the early Christian church in Jerusalem

claim or allegation of wrongdoing that is untrue

hand gesture

German slur Lügenpresse used to discredit media, from Nazi era to modern politics

false or misleading statements made by Donald Trump

admission of guilt for a crime for which the confessor is not responsible

liar Paradox

one of the Ten Commandments (Exod. 20:16)

reporting of a rape where no rape has occurred or it has been perpetrated by other person and not the accused one

accusation against an individual claiming they committed child sexual abuse when no abuse has been committed by the accused