Magnetic exchange interactions

quantum mechanical effect in which the expectation value of the distance when the wave functions of two or more indistinguishable particles overlap changes due to exchange symmetry of identical particles

spin coupling mechanism through conduction electrons in a metal

Superexchange or Kramers–Anderson superexchange interaction, is a prototypical indirect exchange coupling between neighboring magnetic moments (usually next-nearest neighboring cations, see the schematic illustration of MnO below) by virtue of exchanging electrons through a non-magnetic anion known as the superexchange center. In this way, it differs from direct exchange, in which there is direct overlap of electron wave function from nearest neighboring cations not involving an intermediary anion or exchange center. While direct exchange can be either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic, the s

graphic explanation of ferromagnetism

magnetic exchange between ions in different oxidation states

contribution to magnetic exchange interaction

Mictomagnetism is a spin system in which various exchange interactions are mixed. It is observed in several kinds of alloys, including Cu–Mn, Fe–Al and Ni–Mn alloys. Cooled in zero magnetic field, these materials have low remanence and coercivity. Cooled in a magnetic field, they have much larger remanence, and the hysteresis loop is shifted in the direction opposite to the field (an effect similar to exchange bias).