Mamluk Sultanate

Mamluk or Mamaluk (; (singular), , mamālīk (plural); translated as "one who is owned", meaning "slave") were non-Arab, ethnically diverse (mostly Turkic, Caucasian, Mongol, Eastern and Southeastern European) enslaved mercenaries, slave-soldiers, and freed slaves who were assigned high-ranking military and administrative duties in the Muslim world. They were purchased as military slaves, converted to Islam, and trained in martial and courtly skills. Upon completion of their training they were manumitted but remained part of the ruling military caste, forming elite regiments and, in some periods

state in Egypt, Hejaz and the Levant (1250–1517)

Dynasty of Egyptian monarchs

Dynasty of Egyptian monarchs (1382–1517 CE)

thumb|Illustration of a horse's ideal physical traits, 13th century manuscript of the Kitāb al-bayṭara by Aḥmad ibn ʿAtīq al-Azdī. thumb|Muhammad ibn Yaqub al-Khuttuli: Kitab al-furusiyya wa’l-baitara (Horsemanship and Veterinary Book). Leiden University Library manuscript Or. 299 (1), 1343. thumb|Late Mamluk / early Ottoman Egyptian horse armour (Egypt, c. 1550; [[Musée de l'Armée).]]

Turkic language used during reign of the Mamluks in Egypt and Levant (Mamluk Sultanate) in the 13th-15th centuries