Maritime navigators

5th century BC Carthaginian explorer

thumb|A navigator thumb|U.S. Navy personnel practice using a sextant as part of a celestial navigation training, 2018

Himilco (fl. early 5th century BC) was a Carthaginian navigator and explorer, cited by later Greek and Roman authors as one of the earliest explorers from the Mediterranean Sea to reach the northwestern shores of Europe. Himilco's now-lost account, sometimes referred to as the Periplus of the Northern Sea, survives only in brief notices preserved by Pliny the Elder and Avienus. According to these sources, Himilco sailed beyond the Pillars of Heracles (modern Strait of Gibraltar) along the Atlantic seaboard, probably reaching Brittany and possibly the British Isles.

Arab navigator and cartographer

thumb|Hippalus is credited by the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea|Periplus of the Erythreaen Sea as the first to discover the passage from the [[Red Sea to India over the Indian Ocean]]

Sataspes was a Persian navigator and cavalry commander whose name is derived from Sat (=100 sad) and Asp (= Horse, Asb). He is also credited with originating the term "horse latitudes".

Spanish explorer

Arab navigator