Media manipulation

Disinformation is false or misleading information deliberately spread to deceive people, or to secure economic or political gain and which may cause public harm. Disinformation is an orchestrated adversarial activity in which actors employ strategic deceptions and media manipulation tactics to advance political, military, or commercial goals. Disinformation is implemented through coordinated campaigns that "weaponize multiple rhetorical strategies and forms of knowing—including not only falsehoods but also truths, half-truths, and value judgements—to exploit and amplify culture wars and other

thumb|A sign for the successful Vote Leave|campaign to leave in the [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum. The claim made by the sign was widely considered to have been an example of misinformation.|alt=Sign reading: We send the EU £50 MILLION EVERY DAY / Let's spend it on our NHS instead / [heartbeat graphic] / Vote Leave on 23 June]]

transformation or alteration of a photograph

series of related, illegitimate or illegal techniques in which an individual, an interest group or a government influences journalists to favour their own particular interests

In internet slang, rage-baiting (also ragebaiting, rage-farming, or rage-seeding) is the manipulative tactic of eliciting outrage with the goal of increasing internet traffic, online engagement, and revenue, as well as attracting new subscribers, followers, or supporters. This manipulation occurs through offensive or inflammatory headlines, memes, tropes, or comments that provoke users to respond in kind.

organized or coordinated effort by a group of people to flood an online platform or website with negative reviews or ratings for a particular product, service, or content

effort to damage or call into question someone's reputation, by propounding negative propaganda

German slur Lügenpresse used to discredit media, from Nazi era to modern politics

Alarmism is excessive or exaggerated alarm of a real or imagined threat. Alarmism connotes attempts to excite fears or giving warnings of great danger in a manner that is amplified, overemphasized or unwarranted. In the news media, alarmism can often be found in the form of yellow journalism where reports sensationalise a story to exaggerate small risks.

Theory of mass communication

American investigative-activist group

use of media for propaganda