Medieval countries in the Middle East

third Islamic caliphate (750–1258)

Shia Islamic caliphate (909–1171)

The Saltukids or Saltuqids (Modern Turkish: Saltuklu Beyliği) were a dynasty of the Seljuk Empire, founded after the Battle of Manzikert (1071) centred on Erzurum. The Saltukids ruled between 1071 and 1202. The beylik was founded by Emir Saltuk, one of the Turkmen commanders of the Great Seljuk Alp Arslan. The beylik fought frequently against the Georgian Kingdom for hegemony of the Kars region. The center of the beylik, Erzurum, was briefly re-occupied by the Byzantine Empire between 1077 and 1079, and was besieged by the Georgian King Giorgi III in 1184. It comprised the entirety of present-

Anatolian beylik in the 12th century

The Inalids (the sons of İnal or Yinal, ) was the name of a small Turkish beylik (principality) which reigned in a small territory around Amid (modern Diyarbakır in Turkey) between 1098–1183.

Anatolian beylik of the 11th and 12th centuries

Turkoman beylik in Anatolia (14-15th centuries)

The Sutayids () were a Mongol dynasty descended from Ilkhan Ghazan's commander Emir Sutay. Like other post-Ilkhanate Mongol dynasties, such as the Jalayirids and Chupanids, they were related to the Borjigin dynasty through marriage. Emir Sutay was a son-in-law of Hulagu Khan's son Möngke Temür. Their main area of activity ranged from Jazira in the south to Erzurum in the north.