Medieval history of Egypt

Shia Islamic caliphate (909–1171)

state in Egypt, Hejaz and the Levant (1250–1517)

Following the Islamic conquest in 641–642, Lower Egypt was ruled at first by governors acting in the name of the Rashidun Caliphs and then the Umayyad Caliphs in Damascus, but in 750 the Umayyads were overthrown. Throughout Islamic rule, Askar was named the capital and housed the ruling administration. The conquest led to two separate provinces all under one ruler: Upper and Lower Egypt. These two very distinct regions were governed by the military and followed the demands handed down by the governor of Egypt and imposed by the heads of their communities.

The Baqṭ () was a treaty between the Christian state of Makuria and the new Muslim rulers of Egypt in the 7th century. Lasting almost seven hundred years, it is by some measures the longest-lasting treaty in history. The name comes either from a Coptic language term for barter or a Greco-Roman term for pact.

An Arab Najdi emirate that existed between Egypt and Sudan between (943-1365)

spread of Islam after the Arab conquest

Wikimedia list article

Noba is a term found in a number of historical sources discussing ancient and Medieval Nubia. Its exact meaning is uncertain, with ancient sources themselves seeming confused about the region south of Egypt. Most likely it refers to two separate groups: the Nuba, a people from southeast of Nubia, and a people later known as the Nobatae (Nubians), a group of unknown origin who invaded Nubia during the decline of Meroe, conquered the Kingdom of Kush, most likely founded the kingdoms of Nobatia and Makuria, and gave their name to Nubia itself as well as the Nubian languages. There are mentions of