Medieval Khorasan

The Druze, who call themselves al-Muwaḥḥidūn (), are an esoteric religious group of Arabs who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and syncretic religion whose main tenets assert the unity of God, reincarnation, and the eternity of the soul.

The Hephthalites or Ephthalites (), sometimes called the White Huns (also known as the White Hunas, in Iranian as the Spet Xyon and in Sanskrit and Prakrit as the Sveta-huna), were a people who lived in Central Asia during the 5th to 8th centuries CE, part of the larger group of Eastern Iranian Huns. They formed an empire, the Imperial Hephthalites, and were militarily important from 450 CE, when they defeated the Kidarites, to 560 CE, when combined forces from the First Turkic Khaganate and the Sasanian Empire defeated them. After 560 CE, they established "principalities" in the area of Tokha

former empire in Central Asia

a Medieval Muslim Turkic dynasty ruling at eastern Iran and northern India (977–1196)

dynasty

former state in Central Asia

thumb | right Quhistan () or Kohistan (, "mountainous land") was a region of medieval Persia, essentially the southern part of Khurasan. Its boundaries appear to have been south of Khorasan to north, Yazd to West, Sistan to South, Afghanistan to East. Quhistan was a province in old days with a rich history in Persian literature, art and science. Notable historical towns include Tun (modern-day Ferdows), Qa'in, Gunabad, Tabas, Birjand, Turshez (modern-day Kashmar), Khwaf, Taybad, and Zawah (modern-day Torbat-e Heydarieh). It is home to famous castles. Safron, berberies (Zereshk) and jujube (Ann

The Sarbadars (from sarbadār, "head on gallows"; also known as Sarbedaran ) were a mixture of religious dervishes and secular rulers that came to rule over part of western Khurasan in the midst of the disintegration of the Mongol Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century (established in 1337). Centered in their capital of Sabzavar, they continued their reign until Khwaja 'Ali-yi Mu'ayyad submitted to Timur in 1381, and were one of the few groups that managed to mostly avoid Timur's famous brutality.

historical town near Merv in Khorasan

Mongol campaign against the Shia Nizari Ismaili state (1253-1256)

historical highway in Iran

period in history which saw the rise of various Iranian dynasties in the Iranian plateau

thumb|Ambassador from Chaganian named Pukarzate (identification of the forehead), visiting king [[Varkhuman of Samarkand. An adjoining inscription reads: "I am Pukarzate, the dapirpat (chancellor) of Chaganian. I arrived here from Turantash, the lord of Chaganian". 648-651 CE. Afrasiyab murals, Samarkand.]] Chaghaniyan (Middle Persian: Chagīnīgān; Chaghāniyān), known as al-Saghaniyan in Arabic sources, was a medieval region and principality located on the right bank of the Oxus River, to the south of Samarkand.

Part of the Muslim conquest of Persia

people

thumb|300px|Fight between Mahmud of Ghazni and [[Abu 'Ali Simjuri.]] The Simjurids were a Turkic family that served the Samanid emirs of Bukhara in the 10th century. They played an influential role in the history of eastern Iran and southern Afghanistan during that time, and by the second half of the 10th century they had built a semi-independent principality in Khurasan.

battle of the Timurid Civil Wars