Melancholia

thumb| Physiognomy of the melancholic temperament (drawing by Thomas Holloway made for [[Johann Kaspar Lavater's Essays on Physiognomy, )]]

thumb|Saudade (1899), by Almeida Júnior

alt=|thumb|upright=1.2|Engraving by Jusepe de Ribera depicting the melancholic and world-weary figure of a poet '''''' (; literally "world-pain") is a literary concept describing the feeling experienced by an individual who believes that reality can never satisfy the expectations of the mind, resulting in "a mood of weariness or sadness about life arising from the acute awareness of evil and suffering".

thumb|right|Jan Kochanowski with dead daughter in painting inspired by the poet's Laments

upright=1.35|thumb| by , '''''' () is a German noun translated as "longing", "desire", "yearning", or "craving". Some psychologists use the word to represent thoughts and feelings about all facets of life that are unfinished or imperfect, paired with a yearning for ideal alternative experiences.

DSM-IV subtype of clinical depression