Membranophones

thumb|Drum of Company B, 40th New York Infantry Regiment, at the [[Battle of Gettysburg, 1863]] thumb|Talking drum right|thumb|A drum kit thumb|A Đông Sơn drum from 3rd to 2nd century BC thumb|A pair of conga drums

musical instrument made up of a group of percussion instruments

thumb|Membranophone A membranophone is any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by way of a vibrating stretched membrane. It is one of the four main divisions of instruments in the original Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification.

The kanjira, khanjira, khanjiri or ganjira, a South Indian frame drum, is an instrument of the tambourine family. As a folk and bhajan instrument, it has been used in the Indian subcontinent for many centuries.

thumb|right|Sound of timbales Timbales () are shallow single-headed drums with metal casing. They are shallower than single-headed tom-toms and usually tuned much higher, especially for their size.

right|thumbnail|Surdo drums in use in Michael Jackson's "[[They Don't Care About Us" video.]] The surdo is a bass drum or a large floor tom-like drum used in many kinds of Brazilian music, such as Axé/Samba-reggae and samba, where it plays the lower parts from a percussion section. The instrument was created by Alcebíades Barcelos during the 1920s and 1930s as part of his contributions with the first samba school in Rio de Janeiro, Deixa Falar. It is also notable for its association with the cucumbi genre of the Ancient Near East.

300px|right|thumb|Thavil A thavil (Tamil:தவில்) or tavil is a barrel-shaped percussion instrument from Tamil Nadu. It is also widely used in other South Indian states (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Telangana) as well as in the North and East of Sri Lanka (in the Tamil majority area called Tamil Eelam). It is used in temple, folk and Carnatic music, often accompanying the nadaswaram. The thavil and the nadaswaram are essential components of traditional festivals and ceremonies in South India.

The tombak (), tonbak () or zarb () is an Iranian goblet drum. It is considered the principal percussion instrument of Persian music. The tombak is normally positioned diagonally across the torso, while the player uses one or more fingers and/or the palm(s) of the hand(s) on the drumhead, often (for a ringing timbre) near the drumhead's edge. Sometimes, tombak players wear metal finger rings for an extra-percussive "click" on the drum's shell. Tombak virtuosi often perform solos lasting ten minutes or more.

Dunun (; plural dunun) (also spelled dundun or doundoun) is the generic name for a family of West African drums that have developed alongside the djembe in the Mande drum ensemble.

A repinique is a two-headed drum used in samba baterias (percussion ensembles). It is used in the Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo Carnival baterias and in the baterias of Bahia, where it is known as repique. It is equivalent to the tik-tik in the non-Brazilian drum kit or to the tenor drum in marching bands. It is tuned very high to produce a tone that cuts through the sound of the rest of the bateria and is used as both a lead and solo instrument.

The timbau or Brazilian timbal is a membranophone instrument derived from the caxambu drum, usually played with both hands. Slightly conical and of varying sizes, it is usually light in weight and made of lacquered wood or metal (usually aluminum) with a tunable nylon head. It is in the shape of an ice cream cone with the top and the point cut off.

thumb|Chenda Melam (ചെണ്ട മേളം) thumb|Pandi Melam thumb|Chenda (ചെണ്ട) thumb|Chenda and Koal (stick) (ചെണ്ടയും കോലും)

thumb|right|250px|An idakka

The ghumot (East Indians: घुमट or ಘುಮೋಟ), gumot or ghumat is a membranophone instrument from Goa, India. Ghumat is a percussion instrument made of earthen vessel with both sides open; on the larger opening a leather (drum membrane) of monitor lizard is mounted. It is often accompanied by 'shamel', another traditional instrument with wooden drum with goat leather mount. This instrument remains popular among East Indian people. In August 2019, Goa declared the ghumot a heritage instrument.

A zabumba () is a type of bass drum used in Brazilian music. The player wears the drum while standing up and uses both hands while playing. thumb| The zabumba generally ranges in diameter from 16 to 22 inches, and is 5 to 8 inches tall. The shell is made of wood and may utilize either skin or plastic drum heads and is usually tensioned via metal lugs and tension rods. The top head is usually muted with tape or cloth strip(s) and struck with a cloth-covered mallet (held in the right hand) to produce a low fundamental note with minimal overtones. The bottom head is tuned tighter and is struck wi

A tamborim ( or ) is a small round Brazilian frame drum, developed from other similar percussive instruments brought by the Portuguese.

250px|thumb|right|Aztec Tlālpanhuēhuētl with Symbols of War, National Museum of Anthropology (Mexico)|National Museum of Anthropology, [[Mexico City]] The huēhuētl is a percussion instrument from Mexico, used by the Aztecs and other cultures. It is an upright tubular drum made from a wooden body opened at the bottom that stands on three legs cut from its base, with skin stretched over the top. It can be beaten by hand or wood mallet.

thumb|Tan-tan A tan-tan is a cylindrical hand drum from Brazil that is used in small samba and pagode ensembles. It imitates the big Surdo which is played by the famous samba baterias (percussion ensembles). But due to its smaller size the tan-tan is not as loud as a surdo and so it is played rarely in big samba schools, but rather within closer gatherings of musicians called Rodas do Chôro.

thumb The is a small Japanese drum. It has a short but wide body with animal skin drumheads on both its upper and bottom sides. The hide is first stretched on metal hoops, then stretched over the body. Similar to the tsuzumi and to African talking drums, both drum heads are bound together with cords so that the drum heads are bound by each other. Like the larger taiko drums, the shime-daiko is played with sticks called "bachi," while it's suspended on a stand. Being very taut, the shime-daiko has a higher pitch than that of normal taiko. Shime-daiko are used in various Japanese music ensembles

thumb|150px|Pandero from Basque country (Spain)

Parai also known as Thappattai or Thappu is a traditional percussion instrument from South India, used to make announcements and played during festivals, folk dances, weddings and functions. It is played predominantly by the Tamils in Tamil Nadu, and in other regions with significant Tamil diaspora such as Sri Lanka. Although there are many variants of the instrument, it generally consists of a drum made of wood, open on one side and closed with a stretched animal hide on the other side along with two wooden sticks used for beating the drum.

Bengali musical instrument

drum typically played with the bare hand

The madal () or maadal is a Nepalese folk musical instrument. The madal is used mainly for rhythm-keeping in Nepalese folk music. It is very popular and widely used as a hand drum in Nepal. The madal has a cylindrical body with a slight bulge at its center and heads at both ends, one head larger than the other. It is usually played horizontally in a seated position, with both heads played simultaneously.

is a recreational dance associated with the Ga ethnic group

class of musical instruments made with stick poking through a membrane stretched over a pot

In Trinidad and Tobago, and other parts of the Caribbean, the term tassa refers to a drumming ensemble drawn from an amalgamation of various North Indian folk drumming traditions, most importantly dhol-tasha, a style that remains popular today in many parts of India and Pakistan. Beginning in the 1830s and lasting until 1918, dhol-tasha was taken around the world by Indian workers, mostly from present-day Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, enmeshed in a global scheme of indentured labor in British, French, and Dutch territories.

alt=|thumb|Dauylpaz (little) alt=|thumb|Dauylpaz (Big) thumb|Stamp released by the government of Kazakhstan in 2008. The image on the right depicts a dauylpaz A Dauylpaz (Kazakh: дауылпаз) is a percussion signal instrument used by the Kazakhs. The drum-like instrument was originally used to convey signals during battle, and later became commonplace in Kazakh culture. The instrument fell out of widespread use in the 20th century.

The udukku , udukai or udukkai (Tamil: உடுக்கை) is a member of the family of membranophone percussion instruments of India and Nepal used in folk music and prayers in Tamil Nadu.

thumb|upright|Drum dancing, Gjoa Haven, [[Nunavut, Canada, 2019]] thumb|Drummers at a dance near Nome in 1900. The qilaut (Inuit language: "that by means of which the spirits are called up", syllabic: ᕿᓚᐅᑦ), (Inuinnaqtun: qilaun or qilauti or Greenlandic: qilaat ) is a type of frame drum native to the Inuit cultures of the Arctic.

double-headed hour-glass shaped drum used in South India

any type of drum or membranophone used for martial music, including military communications, as well as drill, honors music and military ceremonies

thumb|Drums from Gitega, Burundi