Memory

thumb|Overview of the forms and functions of memoryMemory is the faculty of the mind by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed. It is the retention of information over time for the purpose of influencing future action. If past events could not be remembered, it would be impossible for language, relationships, or personal identity to develop. Memory loss is usually described as forgetfulness or amnesia.

the phenomenon of feeling as though one has lived through the present situation before

Forgetting or disremembering is the apparent loss or modification of information already encoded and stored in an individual's short or long-term memory. It is a spontaneous or gradual process in which old memories are unable to be recalled from memory storage. Problems with remembering, learning and retaining new information are a few of the most common complaints of older adults. Studies show that retention improves with increased rehearsal. This improvement occurs because rehearsal helps to transfer information into long-term memory.

the memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago

ability to recall an image from memory after one exposure

Neuroplasticity, also known as neural plasticity or just plasticity, is the medium of neural networks in the brain to change through growth and reorganization. Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize and rewire its neural connections, enabling it to adapt and function in ways that differ from its prior state. This process can occur in response to learning new skills, experiencing environmental changes, recovering from injuries, or adapting to sensory or cognitive deficits. Such adaptability highlights the dynamic and ever-evolving nature of the brain, even into adulthood. T

psychological phenomena when an activity that has been interrupted may be more readily recalled

memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information

thumb|A frame from the 1919 film Suspense Suspense is a state of anxiety or excitement caused by mysteriousness, uncertainty, doubt, or undecidedness. In a narrative work, suspense is the audience's excited anticipation about the plot or conflict (which may be heightened by a violent moment, stressful scene, puzzle, mystery, etc.), particularly as it affects a character for whom the audience feels sympathy. However, suspense is not exclusive to narratives.

retrieval of events or information from the past

shared pool of memories, knowledge and information of a social group that is significantly associated with the group's identity

cognitive system with a limited capacity that is responsible for temporarily holding information available for processing

Confabulation is a memory error consisting of the production of fabricated, distorted, or misinterpreted memories about oneself or the world. It is generally associated with certain types of brain damage (especially aneurysm in the anterior communicating artery) or a specific subset of dementias. While still an area of ongoing research, the basal forebrain is implicated in the phenomenon of confabulation. People who confabulate present with incorrect memories ranging from subtle inaccuracies to surreal fabrications, and may include confusion or distortion in the temporal framing (timing, seque

culturally valued knowledge communicated by a range of non-specialist media

memory of autobiographical events and past personal experiences

representation in an individual's mind of the physical world outside of that individual

implicit memory effect whereby exposure to a stimulus unconsciously influences a response to another stimulus

decline of memory retention in time

phenomenon of failing to retrieve a word from memory, combined with partial recall and the feeling that retrieval is imminent

psychological effect following lots of devotion to an activity

type of memory referring to general world knowledge that we have accumulated throughout our lives, which is intertwined in experience and dependent on culture

bodily experienced sensations from the past

psychological phenomenon in which a person re-experiences a memory

1956 thesis by George Miller on working memory capacity

hypothetical means by which memory traces are stored

type of implicit long-term memory which aids the performance of particular types of tasks without conscious awareness of these previous experiences

actions in the present which are constrained by actions in the past

one of the two main types of long-term human memory, acquired and used unconsciously, and can affect thoughts and behaviours

tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst

thumb|alt=Monotropic and polytropic learning|Monotropic (hyperfocus) and polytropic learning

sensory memory register

model of human memory

type of autobiographical memory, vivid, enduring memory formed during a shocking, emotionally significant experience

process causing temporary increase in postsynaptic potential

category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition

one of the two main types of long-term human memory, including conscious, intentional recollection of factual information, previous experiences, and concepts

activity-dependent reduction in the efficacy of neuronal synapses lasting hours or longer following a long patterned stimulus

visual sensory memory

type of motivated forgetting when an individual consciously attempts to stop thinking about a particular thought

topic in cultural studies and historiography

process causing temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential

memory process

memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life

place, object or concept vested with historical significance in the popular collective memory, such as monuments, museums, events, symbols and even colours vested with historical memory

Organization of collective memory by political agents; the political means by which events are remembered and recorded, or discarded

psychological phenomenon observed in memory tests

model of memory proposed in 1968 by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin

Reminiscence is the act of recollecting past experiences or events. An example of the typical use of reminiscence is when people share their personal stories with others or allows other people to live vicariously through stories of family, friends, and acquaintances while gaining an authentic meaningful relationship with the people. An example of reminiscence may be grandparents remembering past events with friends or their grandchildren, sharing their individual experience of what the past was like.

form of procedural memory that involves consolidating a specific motor task into memory through repetition

memory present at birth that exists in the absence of sensory experience

Any process in which an organism acquires a novel neuromuscular action or movement as the result of experience.

a form of memory that involves a planned future action or intention

Subvocalization, or silent speech, is the internal speech typically made when reading; it provides the sound of the word as it is read. This is a natural process when reading, and it helps the mind to access meanings to comprehend and remember what is read, potentially reducing cognitive load.

ability to process visual and spatial information

Memorialization is the process of preserving memories, especially the collective memory, of people or events. It can be a form of a memorial, and address or petition, or a ceremony of remembrance or commemoration.

loss of character memory in Chinese speakers

memory about one's environment and spatial orientation

critical factors contributing to the emotional enhancement effect on human memory

biological process that adjusts the strength of connections between neurons in the brain

term used at the interface between neuroscience, cognitive science and philosophy of mind that has multiple meanings