Mercantilism

thumb|upright=1.2|Seaport at sunset, a painting by Claude Lorrain, completed in 1639 at the height of mercantilism

Cameralism (German: Kameralismus) was a German school of public finance, administration and economic management in the 18th and early 19th centuries that aimed at strong management of a centralized economy for the benefit mainly of the state. The discipline in its narrowest definition concerned the management of the state's finances. Throughout the 18th and the first half of the 19th century, cameralism was influential in Northern European states—for example, in Prussia and Sweden—and its academics and practitioners were pioneers in economic, environmental, and administrative knowledge and tec

Neomercantilism (also spelled neo-mercantilism) is a policy regime that encourages exports, discourages imports, controls capital movement, and centralizes currency decisions in the hands of a central government. The objective of neomercantilist policies is to increase the level of foreign reserves held by the government, allowing more effective monetary policy and fiscal policy.

United States Trade Representative since 2025

thumb|1655 portrait of Colbert by Philippe de Champaigne