Metallurgical processes

steel production method

thumb|upright|An optical pyrometer thumb|upright|A sailor checking the temperature of a ventilation system

thumb|Heat and compaction fuse small particles into a dense bulk thumb|clinker (cement)|Clinker nodules produced by sintering

right|thumb|These carabiners have an anodized aluminium surface that has been dyed; they are made in many colors.

method for the separation of mixtures in process engineering

Steel in which the main interstitial alloying constituent is carbon

metal fabrication process whereby a desired shape is obtained by using electrical discharges to remove material

thumb|Electric phosphate smelting furnace in a Tennessee Valley Authority|TVA [[chemical plant (1942)]]

process of separating commercially valuable minerals from their ores

Pelletizing is the process of compressing or molding a material into the shape of a pellet. A wide range of different materials are pelletized including chemicals, iron ore, animal compound feed, plastics (nurdles), waste materials, and more. The process is considered an excellent option for the storage and transport of said materials. The technology is widely used in the powder metallurgy engineering and medicine industries.

process of refining bauxite to produce alumina

Hydrometallurgy is a technique within the field of extractive metallurgy, the obtaining of metals from their ores. Hydrometallurgy uses solutions to recover metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials. Usually the extracting solution is aqueous (water-based), often containing additives such as acids. In select cases, the extracting solvent is nonaqueous. Processing techniques that complement hydrometallurgy are pyrometallurgy, vapour metallurgy, and molten salt electrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgy is typically divided into three general areas: Leaching Solution concentrati

strengthening of a metal by plastic deformation

old method of decarburizing cast iron

right|thumb|Tin layer on the inside of a tin can Tinning is the process of thinly coating sheets of wrought iron or steel with tin, and the resulting product is known as tinplate. The term is also widely used for the different process of coating a metal with solder before soldering.

thumb|200px| 16th century cupellation furnaces (per Georgius Agricola|Agricola)

oxygen blowing with dolomite charging in steel furnace

materials processing technology

Pyrometallurgical industrial process

step of the processing of certain ores

newly mined and refined type of metal

manufacturing process using baths of etching chemicals to remove material

process of purifying metals

Pyrometallurgy is a branch of extractive metallurgy. It consists of the thermal treatment of minerals and metallurgical ores and concentrates to bring about physical and chemical transformations in the materials to enable recovery of valuable metals. Pyrometallurgical treatment may produce products able to be sold such as pure metals, or intermediate compounds or alloys, suitable as feed for further processing. Examples of elements extracted by pyrometallurgical processes include the oxides of less reactive elements like iron, copper, zinc, chromium, tin, and manganese.

metallurgical process

REDIRECT Biohydrometallurgy

Process for the commercial production of pure titanium and zirconium

salt in the liquid phase due to elevated temperature

vessel used in the operation of metallurgical converting

thumb|Anodized titanium Electrometallurgy is a method in metallurgy that uses electrical energy to produce metals by electrolysis. It is usually the last stage in metal production and is therefore preceded by pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical operations. The electrolysis can be done on a molten metal oxide (smelt electrolysis) which is used for example to produce aluminium from aluminium oxide via the Hall-Hérault process. Electrolysis can be used as a final refining stage in pyrometallurgical metal production (electrorefining) and it is also used for reduction of a metal from an aqueous

chemical compound

thumb|Electropolishing principle: 1. Electrolyte 2. Cathode 3. Workpiece to polish (Anode) 4. Particle moving from the work-piece to the cathode 5. Surface before polishing 6. Surface after polishing

thumb|Electrorefining technology converting spent commercial nuclear fuel into metal.

hydrometallurgical technique for extracting gold from low-grade ore

vessel used to transport and pour out molten metals

chemical compound

Forge for making wrought iron from pig iron

process of extracting copper from the ground

metallurgical process: extraction of silver by amalgamation

smelting process for sulfur-containing ores

leaching of ores in extractive metallurgy

electrochemical method for the preparation of metallic magnesium

heat and pressure treatment applied to metals and alloys

Liquation is a metallurgical method for separating metals from an ore or alloy. The material must be heated until one of the metals starts to melt and drain away from the other and can be collected. This method was largely used to remove lead containing silver from copper, but it can also be used to remove antimony from ore minerals, and refine tin.

method of desilverisation of argentiferous lead

Process of extracting gold from ore

metallurgical process

corrosion test method

early method of iron processing

obsolete technique for making steel by carburization of iron

alloy remelting and refining process

technique used for rapid cooling of liquids

industrial process for purification of lead from bullion

practice of separating granulated ore material by particle size

set of processes for obtaining iron from iron ore

process to shape metals above their recrystallization temperature

industrial procedure used to refine gold

Biohydrometallurgy is a technique in the world of metallurgy that utilizes biological agents (bacteria) to recover metals. It is a subset or specialized form of hydrometallurgy, which refers to the use of aqueous solutions for metal extraction through a series of chemical reactions. Bioleaching is closely related to biohydrometallurgy. It focuses on extraction or liberation of metals from their ores through the use of living organisms.

300px|thumb|Electroforming process Electroforming is a metal forming process in which parts are fabricated through electrodeposition on a model, known in the industry as a mandrel. Conductive (metallic) mandrels are treated to create a mechanical parting layer, or are chemically passivated to limit electroform adhesion to the mandrel and thereby allow its subsequent separation. Non-conductive (glass, silicon, plastic) mandrels require the deposition of a conductive layer prior to electrodeposition. Such layers can be deposited chemically, or using vacuum deposition techniques (e.g., gold sputt

REDIRECT Mineral processing