Metaphysics writers

French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist (1596–1650)

Argentine writer, essayist, poet and translator (1899–1986)

ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician

Austrian-British philosopher of science and social and política e falsificationism and for criticism of Plato, Hegel and Marx as totalitarian opponents of open society (1902-1994)

French anthropologist and ethnologist (1908–2009)

German historian and philosopher (1880-1936)

Swedish 18th century scientist and theologian (1688-1772)

Spanish liberal philosopher and essayist (1883–1955)

Abū Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (; ; ; ) was an Arab polymath who was active as a philosopher, mathematician, physician, and music theorist. Al-Kindi was the first of the Islamic peripatetic philosophers, and is hailed as the "father of Arab philosophy".

Spanish-American philosopher

Mozi, personal name Mo Di,

German philosopher, psychologist, and founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline (1776-1841)

French historian and philosopher (1884-1978)

German theologian, philosopher, and comparative religionist (1869-1937)

British physicist (1946-)

Argentine-Canadian philosopher (1919-2020)

British-American philosopher and writer

Argentinian mathematician and computer scientist

German philosopher and educator (1846–1908)

Spanish essayist and university professor

Catholic cardinal (1607-1667)

Belgian philosopher

Scottish-born Australian philosopher (1893–1962)

French writer

Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church (1753-1840)

Canadian philosopher

Academic philosopher

British philosopher

German philosopher (1949–2024)