Minkowski spacetime

mathematical space setting which eases explanation of special relativity

unique path of an object as it travels through 4-dimensional spacetime

factor 1∕√(1−𝑣²∕𝑐²) in special relativity expressing how much the measurements of time, length etc. change for a moving object

In special relativity, a four-vector (or 4-vector, sometimes Lorentz vector) is an element of a four-dimensional vector space object with four components, which transform under Lorentz transformations with respect to a change of basis. Its magnitude is determined by an indefinite quadratic form, the preservation of which defines the Lorentz transformations, which include spatial rotations and boosts (a change by a constant velocity to another reference frame).

elapsed time between two events as measured by a clock that passes through both events

mathematical object that describes the electromagnetic field in spacetime

maximally symmetric Lorentzian manifold with positive cosmological constant

quantity in the theory of relativity which is invariant under a Lorentz transformation

physical acceleration experienced by an object

cosmological model equivalent to a zero-energy-density FLRW model

unital nonassociative algebra over the real numbers generated by generators 𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑘 that mutually anticommute and each square to +1

setting of relativistic physics in geometric algebra

model of n-dimensional hyperbolic geometry

alternative to velocity for measuring motion in relativity theory

relation of space and time in relativity theory