Monarchs in the Torah

The Pharaoh was the monarch of ancient Egypt. The title came into use from the Eighteenth Dynasty onwards and was subsequently attributed to all the previous kings of Egypt. Before this Pharaoh was a term that meant more of the kings' administration. The earliest confirmed instance of the title used contemporaneously for a ruler is a letter to Akhenaten (reigned –1336 BCE), possibly preceded by an inscription referring to Thutmose III (–1425 BCE). Although the title only came into use in the Eighteenth Dynasty during the New Kingdom, scholars today use it for all the rulers of Egypt from the F

thumb|267px|Nimrod by David Scott (painter)|David Scott, 1832 Nimrod is a biblical figure mentioned in the Book of Genesis and the Books of Chronicles. The son of Cush and thus the great-grandson of Noah, Nimrod was described as a king in the land of Shinar (Lower Mesopotamia). The Bible states that he was "a mighty hunter before the Lᴏʀᴅ [and] ... began to be mighty in the earth". Nimrod became a symbol of defiance against God.

In the Hebrew Bible, Melchizedek was the king of Salem and priest of (often translated as "God Most High"). He is mentioned in Genesis 14:18–20, where he brings out bread and wine and blesses Abram (Abraham), following the Battle of the Vale of Siddim and Abram's subsequent rescue of the captives and plunder taken in the battle, and in Psalm 110:4.

thumb|270px|Abimelech spying on Isaac and Rebekah; dish with serrated edge; majolica ceramics – [[Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon]]

Balak ( Bālāq) was a king of Moab described in the Book of Numbers in the Hebrew Bible, where his dealings with the prophet and Midianite sorcerer Balaam are recounted. Balak tried to engage Balaam for the purpose of cursing the migrating Israelites. The story of Balak is detailed in , , and . According to Numbers 22:2, and Joshua 24:9, Balak was the son of Zippor.

thumb|Og is depicted towering over groups of people in the manuscript painting ''Musa va 'Uj'', Og ( ; ; ) was, according to the Hebrew Bible and other sources, an Amorite king of Bashan who was slain along with his army by Moses and his men at the battle of Edrei. In Arabic literature he is referred to as ʿŪj ibn ʿAnāq (, "Og son of Anaq"), Anaq being a daughter of Adam in Islamic tradition.

thumb|Battle of Abraham against Chedorlaomer by Cornelis Massijs, 1545 Chedorlaomer, also spelled Kedorlaomer, is a king of Elam mentioned in Genesis 14 in the Hebrew Bible, which contains an account of the Battle of Siddim. Genesis portrays him as allied with three other kings, campaigning against five Canaanite city-states in response to an uprising during the lifetime of Abraham.

thumb|Illustration from the Jewish Encyclopedia showing Ḫammurabi on one of his steles as Amraphel In the Hebrew Bible, Amraphel (; ; ) was a king of Shinar (Hebrew for Sumer) who, in chapter 14 of the Book of Genesis, invaded Canaan, along with two other kings under the leadership of Chedorlaomer, king of Elam. Chedorlaomer's coalition defeated Sodom and the other cities in the Battle of the Vale of Siddim.

Sihon was an Amorite king mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, king of Ashtaroth, who refused to let the Israelites pass through his country. Chronicled in Numbers, he was defeated by Moses and the Israelites at the battle of Jahaz. He and Og were said to be the two kings Moses defeated on the east side of the Jordan river.

Arioch () appears in Genesis 14 as the name of the King of Ellasar () who participated in the Battle of Siddim. Led by Chedorlaomer, the four kings Amraphel, Arioch, Chedorlaomer, and Tidal engaged in a punitive expedition against five kings of Canaan who rebelled against Chedorlaomer, namely Bera of Sodom, Birsha of Gomorrah, Shinab of Admah, Shemeber of Zeboim, and Zoar of Bela. The same story is also mentioned in the Book of Jubilees, where Arioch is called "king of Sellasar". According to Genesis Apocryphon (col. 21), Arioch was king of Cappadocia.

Biblical king of Sodom (Genesis 14)

human biblical figure; king of Goyim, monarch mentioned in Genesis 14:1