Mountaineering

thumb|Climbers ascending Mount Rainier looking at [[Little Tahoma Peak, United States]]

thumb|upright=1.35|Locations of the world's 14 eight-thousanders, which are split between the Himalayas|Himalayan (right, including [[Nanga Parbat, left), and the Karakoram mountain ranges (left)]]

measure for the independence of a summit defined as its relative height based on the difference between its absolute elevation and the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it

first successful, documented attainment of the top of a mountain, or specific route

minimum great-circle distance to a point of equal elevation, representing a radius of dominance in which the peak is the highest point

person who carries objects or cargo for others

altitudes above which the pressure of oxygen is insufficient to sustain human life for an extended time span

cross on the summit of a mountain or near the summit

record of visitors to a mountain's summit

thumb|Count Henry Russell (explorer)|Henry Russell (foreground) and , seated near the entrance of the [[Russell Caves at the Vignemale, accompanied by their guides.|alt=Group of men posing in front of a mountain shelter dug into the rock.]] Pyreneanism (; alternatively Pyreneism) is a 19th-century sporting culture as well as an artistic and literary movement centered around exploring the Pyrenees in order to create works inspired by the experience, whether for contemplative, artistic, or scientific purposes. The term was coined in 1898 by the scholar Henri Beraldi in his book '''' (), where he