Muscular disorders

A cramp is a sudden, involuntary, painful contraction of one or more skeletal muscles, or an overshortening of such associated with electrical activity. While generally temporary and non-damaging, they can cause significant pain and a paralysis-like immobility of the affected muscle. A cramp usually goes away on its own over several seconds or (sometimes) minutes. Cramps are common and tend to occur at rest, usually at night (nocturnal leg cramps). They are also often associated with pregnancy, physical exercise or overexertion, and age (common in older adults); in such cases, cramps are calle

extremely rare connective tissue disease

Cataplexy is a sudden and transient episode of muscle weakness accompanied by full conscious awareness, typically triggered by emotions such as laughing, crying, or terror. Cataplexy is the first symptom to appear in about 10% of cases of narcolepsy, caused by an autoimmune destruction of hypothalamic neurons that produce the neuropeptide hypocretin (also called orexin), which regulates arousal and has a role in stabilization of the transition between wake and sleep states. Cataplexy without narcolepsy is rare and the cause is unknown.

In medicine, myopathy is a disease of the muscle in which the muscle fibers do not function properly. Myopathy means muscle disease (Greek : myo- muscle + patheia -pathy : suffering). This meaning implies that the primary defect is within the muscle, as opposed to the nerves ("neuropathies" or "neurogenic" disorders) or elsewhere (e.g., the brain).

genetic disease that is characterized by a drastic and uncontrolled increase in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism, which overwhelms the body's capacity to supply oxygen, remove carbon dioxide, and regulate body temperature

Myositis is a rarely encountered medical condition characterized by inflammation affecting the muscles. The manifestations of this condition may include skin issues, muscle weakness, and the potential involvement of other organs. Additionally, systemic symptoms like weight loss, fatigue, and low-grade fever can manifest in individuals with myositis.

injury to a muscle in which the muscle fibers tear as a result of overstretching

glycogen metabolism disorder that has material basis in enzymes deficiencies necessary in the processing of glycogen synthesis or breakdown within muscles, liver, and other cell types

process that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance.

Hypertonia is a term sometimes used synonymously with spasticity and rigidity in the literature surrounding damage to the central nervous system, namely upper motor neuron lesions. Impaired ability of damaged motor neurons to regulate descending pathways gives rise to disordered spinal reflexes, increased excitability of muscle spindles, and decreased synaptic inhibition. These consequences result in abnormally increased muscle tone of symptomatic muscles. Some authors suggest that the current definition for spasticity, the velocity-dependent overactivity of the stretch reflex, is not sufficie

chemical compound

thumb|Hand contractures as seen in Freeman–Sheldon syndrome In pathology, a contracture is a shortening of muscles, tendons, skin, and nearby soft tissues that causes the joints to shorten and become very stiff, preventing normal movement. A contracture is usually permanent, but less commonly can be temporary (such as in McArdle disease), or resolve over time but reoccur later in life (such as in Bethlem myopathy 1).

medical condition

Human disease

human disease

lack of muscle strength

inflammatory muscle disease in older adults

focal dystonia that affects a single muscle or small group of muscles in the hand resulting from involuntary muscular contractions

Pyomyositis (Myositis tropicans) is a bacterial infection of the skeletal muscles which results in an abscess. Pyomyositis is most common in tropical areas but can also occur in temperate zones.

human disease

loss of ability of a muscle to generate force

Fanconi-Bickel glycogenosis (FBG) is a rare glycogen storage disease characterized by hepatorenal glycogen accumulation, severe renal tubular dysfunction and impaired glucose and galactose metabolism

Laminopathies (lamino- + -pathy) are a group of rare genetic disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins of the nuclear lamina. Since the first reports of laminopathies in the late 1990s, increased research efforts have started to uncover the vital role of nuclear envelope proteins in cell and tissue integrity in animals. Laminopathies are a group of degenerative diseases, other disorders associated with inner nuclear membrane proteins are known as nuclear envelopathies.

Amyotrophy is progressive wasting of muscle tissues. Muscle pain is also a symptom. It can occur in middle-aged males with type 2 diabetes. It also occurs with motor neuron disease.

disease

leg cramp

muscle tissue disease characterized by increased muscle bulk and strength that has material basis in homozygous mutation in the MSTN gene on chromosome 2q32.2

medical condition