Musical notation

sign used in musical notation to describe a pitched sound (frequency + duration)

11th century Italian monk, inventor of modern musical notation

handwritten or printed form of musical notation that uses musical symbols to indicate the pitches, rhythms, or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece

thumb|Diagram of treble, alto, and bass clefs with identical-sounding musical notes aligned vertically|alt=|440x440px thumb|Middle C represented on (from left to right) treble, alto, tenor, and bass clefs|420px thumb|200px|Three clefs aligned to middle C

to represent the information in digits or numbers in musical notation

musical sign (accidental) raising the pitch of a note by one chromatic semitone (factor 2^(1/12))

musical notation of spaced lines used to indicate pitch of notes

time unit in rhythmic musical notation

musical sign (accidental) lowering the pitch of a note by one chromatic semitone (factor 2^(1/12))

In music, solfège ( or ; ) or solfeggio (; ), also called sol-fa, solfa, solfeo, among many names, is a mnemonic used in teaching aural skills, pitch and sight-reading of Western music. Solfège is a form of solmization, though the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably.

aspect of musical expression related to sound intensity and its variation

sound with a typical pitch; steady periodic sound; characterized by its duration, pitch, intensity (or loudness), and timbre (or quality)

Staccato (; Italian for "detached") is a form of musical articulation. In modern notation, it signifies a note of shortened duration, separated from the note that may follow by silence. It has been described by theorists and has appeared in music since at least 1676.

thumb|300px|An example of a caesura in modern western music notation

musical sign (accidental) cancelling previous accidentals returning the frequency of the note to the natural/original value

In music, a glissando (; plural: glissandi, abbreviated gliss.) is a glide from one pitch to another (). It is an Italianized musical term derived from the French glisser, "to glide". In some contexts, it is equivalent to portamento, which is a continuous, seamless glide between notes. In other contexts, it refers to discrete, stepped glides across notes, such as on a piano. Some terms that are similar or equivalent in some contexts are slide, sweep bend, smear, rip (for a loud, violent glissando to the beginning of a note), lip (in jazz terminology, when executed by changing one's embouchure

musical passage that leads on to the conclusion

sign that changes the pitch of the note

frame|A sample of Kyrie|Kýrie Eléison XI (Orbis Factor) from the Liber Usualis. Listen to it interpreted. A neume (; sometimes spelled neum) is the basic element of Western and some Eastern systems of musical notation prior to the invention of five-line staff notation.

interval of silence in a piece of music, marked by a rest symbol indicating the length of the pause

thumb|Urlinie in G with fermata on penultimate note. & (compare with penultimate note at )

musical notation indicating the key of diatonic music placed on the beginning of a line

specification of beats in a musical bar or measure

thumb|300px|right|Example of numeric vihuela tablature from the book "Orphenica Lyra" by [[Miguel de Fuenllana (1554). Red numerals (original) mark the vocal part.]]

thumb|upright=1.2|Tremolo notation (denoting rapid repetition) In music, tremolo (), or tremolando (), is a trembling effect. There are multiple types of tremolo. It is either the rapid repetition of a note, alternation between two different notes, or variation in volume.

thumb|right|300px|A hand-written Sheet music|musical score for Act 2 of the [[opera Der Freischütz by Carl Maria von Weber, written in the 1820s. The score contains all the parts for the singers and the accompaniment parts and melodies for the orchestra.]] Orchestration is the study or practice of writing music for an orchestra (or, more loosely, for any musical ensemble, such as a concert band) or of adapting music composed for another medium for an orchestra. Also called "instrumentation", orchestration is the assignment of different instruments to play the different parts (e.g., melody, bas

thumb|Caravaggio's Rest on the Flight into Egypt (1594–96) In music, sight-reading, also called a prima vista (Italian meaning, "at first sight"), is the practice of reading and performing of a piece in a music notation that the performer has not seen or learned before. Sight-singing is used to describe a singer who is sight-reading. Both activities require the musician to play or sing the notated rhythms and pitches.

a set of signs that recommends how to use an instrument, which fingers to use and in what position

instrument for which music is conventionally written transposed to a different pitch

indication that a composition or part should be performed

line used to notate pitches above or below the regular musical staff

musical notation in which numerals/accidentals show chords to be played in relation to the bass note, used in Baroque music

thumb|The tutti piston seen over the organ pedalboard Tutti is an Italian word literally meaning all or together and is used as a musical term, for the whole orchestra as opposed to the soloist. It is applied similarly to choral music, where the whole section or choir is called to sing. Music examination boards may instruct candidates to "play in tuttis", indicating that the candidate should play both the solo and the tutti sections.

thumb|175px|Guidonian hand, from 1274 [[Biblioteca Ambrosiana ]]

adaptation of a musical composition to a medium for which it wasn't initially written for

Wikimedia list article

2/2 time signature in Western music notation

vertical bar used for writing a musical note

Latin hymn in honor of John the Baptist, written in Horatian Sapphic

type of ligature indicating that the group of notes it comprises should be interpreted legato

musical symbol/term meaning return to the (segno) sign

device for holding sheets of music in position for reading

musical notation system used for European vocal polyphonic music

music term; arrangement or transcription of an existing score or composition in which complexity is lessened to make analysis, performance, or practice easier or clearer

representation of music through the use of visual symbols outside the realm of traditional music notation

German-American musicologist

right|150px|thumb|Parts of the note thumb|Noteheads of quarter (and all further subdivisions), half, whole, and double whole notes right|thumb|Left: breve in modern notation. Centre: breve in mensural notation used in some modern scores as well. Right: less common stylistic variant of the first form. thumb|Regular, cross, square, and small noteheads thumb|Ride pattern on a cymbal thumb|Natural harmonics on the cello notated first as sounded (more common), then as fingered (easier to sightread).

musical interval

musical notation indicating repetition

Unicode block (U+1D100–1D1FF)

music teaching method

system for naming chords

musical score describing the essential elements of a song

style of jazz performance

Braille form of musical notation

process of drawing music notation at high quality for reproduction

thumb|upright=1.5|Ossia example (2nd bar) '''' () is a musical term for an alternative passage which may be played instead of the original passage. The word ossia comes from the Italian for "alternatively" and was originally spelled o sia'', meaning "or be it".

mnemonic

thick line used to connect notes in musical notation

Swara () or svara is an Indian classical music term that connotes simultaneously a breath, a vowel, a note, the sound of a musical note corresponding to its name, and the successive steps of the octave, or saptanka. More comprehensively, it is the ancient Indian concept of the complete dimension of musical pitch. At its most basic comparison to western music, a swara is, essentially, a "note" of a given scale. However, that is but a loose interpretation of the word, as a swara is identified as both a musical note and tone; a "tone" is a precise substitute for sur, relating to "tunefulness". Tr