Nationalism

Nationalism is an ideology or movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, it presupposes the existence and tends to promote the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining its sovereignty (self-determination) over its perceived homeland to create a nation-state. It holds that the nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-governance), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power. It further aims to build, and m

Borders are generally defined as geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Political borders can be established through warfare, colonization, or mutual agreements between the political entities that reside in those areas.

followers of the Communist Party, Maoists of Kampuchea in Cambodia (until 1998)

Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, regional, governmental, or gender separation from the larger group. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seeking greater autonomy are usually not considered separatists. Some discourse settings equate separatism with religious segregation, racial segregation, or sex segregation, while other discourse settings take the broader view that separation by choice may serve useful purposes and is not the same as government-enforced segregation. There is some academic de

movement which advocates a greater economic and political cooperation among nations

political term used primarily in Europe; variant of conservatism

identity or sense of belonging to one state or to one nation

Ultranationalism, or extreme nationalism, is an extremist form of nationalism in which a country asserts or maintains hegemony, supremacy, or other forms of control over other nations (usually through violent coercion) to pursue its specific interests. Ultranationalist entities have been associated with the engagement of political violence even during peacetime.

Type of nationalism

designation for political or class opponents of a state; term used in Antique Rome, Revolutionary France, Nazi Germany, Stalin-era Soviet Union, Communist China and The United States

political ideology and movement that combines right-wing political positions with populist rhetoric, emphasizing opposition to elites, nationalism, and the defense of national identity, culture, or sovereignty

thumb|The American War-Dog, a 1916 political cartoon by Oscar Cesare, with the dog named "Jingo"

form of nationalism based upon social equality, popular sovereignty, and national self-determination

political position of demanding a favored status for certain established inhabitants

thumb|150px|National-Anarchist star

Primordialism is the idea that nations or ethnic identities are fixed, natural, and ancient. Primordialists argue that each individual has a single inborn ethnic identity independent of historical processes. While implicit primordialist assumptions are common in society and academic research, primordialism is widely rejected by scholars of nationalism and ethnicity, as individuals can have multiple ethnic identities which are changeable and socially constructed.

sociological concept

recently invented cultural practice perceived as old

Neo-nationalism, or new nationalism, is an ideology and political movement built on the basic characteristics of classical nationalism. It developed to its final form by applying elements with reactionary character generated as a reaction to the political, economic and demographic changes that came with globalization during the second wave of globalization in the 1980s.

form of nationalism in which the nation is defined by a shared culture

Transnationalism is a research field and social phenomenon grown out of the heightened interconnectivity between people and the receding economic and social significance of boundaries among nation states.

Ethnopluralism or ethno-pluralism, also known as ethno-differentialism, is a political model which attempts to preserve separate and bordered ethno-cultural regions. According to its promoters, significant foreign cultural elements in a given region ought to be culturally assimilated to seek cultural homogenization in this territory, in order to let different cultures thrive in their respective geographical areas. Advocates also emphasize a "right to difference" (French: droit à la difference) and claim support for cultural diversity at a worldwide rather than at a national level.

thumb|Divine Justice smites Jean-Baptiste Pigalle's statue of [[Voltaire. Anonymous, 1773]] The Counter-Enlightenment refers to a loose collection of intellectual stances that arose during the European Enlightenment in opposition to its mainstream attitudes and ideals. The Counter-Enlightenment is generally seen to have continued from the 18th century into the early 19th century, especially with the rise of Romanticism. Its thinkers did not necessarily agree to a set of counter-doctrines but instead each challenged specific elements of Enlightenment thinking, such as the belief in progress, th

The term heteronationalism refers to the ideological articulation between nationalism and heteronormativity, through which heterosexuality and traditional sexual values are used as markers of belonging, cohesion, and national pride, as well as criteria of superiority over other nations, cultures, or social groups.

political borders corresponding to geographical barriers

Eco-nationalism (also known as ecological nationalism or green nationalism) is a synthesis of nationalism and green politics. Eco-nationalists may be from many points across the left–right political spectrum, but all are bound to the idea that the nation-state and its citizens have a special duty to protect the environment of their country.

Exceptionalism is the perception or belief that a species, country, society, institution, movement, individual, or time period is "exceptional" (i.e., unusual or extraordinary). The term carries the implication, whether or not specified, that the referent is superior in some way.

the single dominant ethnic group in the state, typically after which the state was named

Ultraconservatism refers to extreme conservative views in politics or religious practice. In modern politics, ultraconservative usually refers to conservatives of the far-right on the political spectrum, comprising groups or individuals who are located to the right of those who hold mainstream conservative views, and continuing further right to include fringe parties.

everyday representations of a nation that build a shared sense of national belonging

Serbian murder victim

type of nationalism originated in 19th century France and opposed to risorgimento nationalism

ideological theory that calls for a national community united by a shared sense of purpose and destiny

use of musical ideas or motifs that are identified with a specific country, region, or ethnicity

An allegiance is a duty of fidelity said to be owed, or freely committed, by the people, subjects or citizens to their state or sovereign.

Plurinationality, plurinational, or plurinationalism is defined as the coexistence of two or more sealed or preserved national groups within a polity (an organized community or body of peoples). In plurinationalism, the idea of nationality is plural, meaning there are many nationals within an organized community or body of peoples. Derived from this concept, a plurinational state is the existence of multiple political communities and constitutional asymmetry. The usage of plurinationality assists in avoiding the division of societies within a state or country. Furthermore, a plurinational demo

aggressive and radical form of nationalism that incorporates autonomous, patriotic sentiments with a belief in expansionism

form of nationalism based on the belief that all inhabitants of a particular nation owe allegiance to their country of birth or adoption

Motivation for businesses to maximize profits

there is more than one type of nationalism

Techno-nationalism is a way of understanding how technology affects the society and culture of a nation. One common example is the use of technology to advance nationalist agendas, with the goal of promoting connectedness and a stronger national identity. As noted by Alex Capri, the rise of techno-nationalist approaches has precipitated a US-China race to promote ideological values through the reshaping of institutions and standards. This idea establishes the belief that the success of a nation can be determined by how well that nation innovates and diffuses technology across its people. Techn

musical composition that relates to war, or a society's attitudes towards war

2017 song by MGMT

tendency of people and governments to assert control over natural resources located on their territory

use of nation-states as the basis of analysis in social science

terrorism motivated by nationalism

school of thought

Internet-nationalism, also referred to as cyber-nationalism, digital-nationalism, or online-nationalism, is a form of nationalism that utilizes digital platforms and online spaces to promote national identity, mobilize nationalist groups, and conduct activities ranging from propaganda dissemination to cyberwarfare against other nations. This phenomenon encompasses both grassroots movements of like-minded individuals gathering in virtual communities and state-sponsored activities aimed at advancing national interests through digital means. As a social phenomenon, cyber-nationalism manifests thr

nationalism of Argentine people and culture

ethno-nationalist political stance

Eliminationism is a political ideology that views a group within a larger social group as harmful and therefore believes it must be eliminated—by separation, censorship, or extermination—for the benefit of the larger group and in order to preserve its "purity."

American motto

thumb|Júlio de Castilhos, creator and main theoretician of Castilhism