Neuropsychological assessment

thumb|The Thinker by [[Auguste Rodin (1840–1917) in the garden of the Musée Rodin, Paris]] In their most common sense, thought and thinking refer to cognitive processes that occur independently of direct sensory stimulation. Core forms include judging, reasoning, concept formation, problem solving, and deliberation. Other processes, such as entertaining an idea, memory, or imagination, are also frequently considered types of thought. Unlike perception, these activities can occur without immediate input from the sensory organs. In a broader sense, any mental event—including perception and uncon

thumb|Overview of the forms and functions of memoryMemory is the faculty of the mind by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed. It is the retention of information over time for the purpose of influencing future action. If past events could not be remembered, it would be impossible for language, relationships, or personal identity to develop. Memory loss is usually described as forgetfulness or amnesia.

thumb|17th-century representation of consciousness by Robert Fludd, an English Paracelsian physician

thumb|upright=1.5|American students learning how to make and roll sushi

thumb|The Necker cube and [[Rubin vase can be perceived in more than one way.]] thumb|Humans are able to make a very good guess on the underlying 3D shape category/identity/geometry given a silhouette of that shape. Computer vision researchers have been able to build computational models for perception that exhibit a similar behavior and are capable of generating and reconstructing 3D shapes from single or multi-view depth maps or silhouettes.

thumb|Focused attention

language naturally spoken by humans, as opposed to "constructed" and "formal" languages

Planning is the process of thinking regarding the activities required to achieve a desired goal. Planning is based on foresight, the fundamental capacity for mental time travel. Some researchers regard the evolution of forethought - the capacity to think ahead - as a prime mover in human evolution. Planning is a fundamental property of intelligent behavior. It involves the use of logic and imagination to visualize not only a desired result, but the steps necessary to achieve that result.

thumb|alt=Lamp doesn't work. Under a Boolean reads: Lamp pluged in? If not; Plug in lamp. If yes continue to next Boolean; Bulb burnt out? If yes, replace bulb. If not continue to last instruction; replace lamp.|Sample flowchart representing a decision process when confronted with a lamp that fails to light In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several possible alternative options. It could be either rational or irrational. The decision-making proce

using generic or ad hoc methods in an orderly manner to find solutions to problems

set of cognitive processes that are necessary for the cognitive control of behavior

Arousal is the physiological and psychological state of being awoken or of sense organs stimulated to a point of perception. It involves activation of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) in the brain, which mediates wakefulness, the autonomic nervous system, and the endocrine system, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure and a condition of sensory alertness, desire, mobility, and reactivity.

Concept in education

difficulty with accessing executive functions such as organization, planning ahead, and self-monitoring

test to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors