Nickel alloys

shiny alloy of copper, nickel, and zinc

thumb|Two stacks of Half dollar (United States coin)|Half dollars. The coins in the stack on the right are composed of copper with cupronickel cladding, and can be distinguished from the [[silver half dollars on the left by their visible copper cores.]] Cupronickel or copper–nickel (CuNi) is an alloy of copper with nickel, usually along with small quantities of other metals added for strength, such as iron and manganese. The copper content typically varies from 60 to 90 percent. (Monel is a nickel–copper alloy that contains a minimum of 52 percent nickel.)

thumb|Samples of Invar thumb|350px|right|The coefficient of thermal expansion of nickel/iron alloys is plotted here against the nickel percentage (on a mass basis) in the alloy. The sharp minimum occurs at the Invar ratio of 36% Ni.

Constantan refers to a copper-nickel alloy commonly used for its stable electrical resistance across a wide range of temperatures. Alternatively it is known in various contexts as Eureka, Advance, or Ferry. It usually consists of 55% copper and 45% nickel. Its main feature is the low thermal variation of its resistivity, which is constant over a wide range of temperatures. Other alloys with similarly low temperature coefficients are known, such as manganin (Cu [86%] / Mn [12%] / Ni [2%] ).

thumb|A "horseshoe magnet" made of Alnico 5, about 1 [[inch high. The metal bar (bottom) is a keeper, which is placed across the poles when the magnet is not in use. This helps to preserve the magnetization.]]

thumb|The Art Deco gate in the entrance hall of Detroit's [[Guardian Building is made from Monel.]]

Nichrome (also known as NiCr, nickel-chromium or chromium-nickel) is a family of alloys of nickel and chromium (and occasionally iron) commonly used as resistance wire, heating elements in devices like toasters, electrical kettles and space heaters, in some dental restorations (fillings) and in a few other applications.

crystal patterns found in some meteorites

fine nickel powder used as a catalyst

thumb|Strip of permalloy Permalloy () is a nickel–iron magnetic alloy, with about 80% nickel and 20% iron content. Invented in 1914 by physicist Gustav Elmen at Bell Telephone Laboratories, it is notable for its very high magnetic permeability, which makes it useful as a magnetic core material in electrical and electronic equipment, and also in magnetic shielding to block magnetic fields. Commercial permalloy alloys typically have relative permeability of around 100,000, compared to several thousand for ordinary steel.

Manganin is a trademarked name for an alloy of typically 84.2% copper, 12.1% manganese, and 3.7% nickel. It was first developed by Edward Weston in 1892, improving upon his Constantan (1887).

thumb|Inconel 718 round bar

thumb|right|200px|Widmanstätten pattern showing the two forms of Nickel-Iron, Kamacite and Taenite, in an octahedrite meteorite Taenite is a mineral found naturally on Earth mostly in iron meteorites. It is an alloy of iron and nickel, with a chemical formula of and nickel proportions of 20% up to 65%.

Chromel is an alloy made of approximately 90% nickel and 10% chromium by weight that is used to make the positive conductors of ANSI Type E (chromel-constantan) and K (chromel-alumel) thermocouples. It can be used at temperatures up to in oxidizing atmospheres. Chromel is a registered trademark of Concept Alloys, Inc.

Alumel is an alloy consisting of approximately 95% nickel, 2% aluminium, 2% manganese, and 1% silicon. This magnetic alloy is used to make the negative conductors of ANSI Type K (chromel-alumel) thermocouples and thermocouple extension wire. Alumel is a registered trademark of Concept Alloys, Inc.

thumb|Assortment of mu-metal shapes used in electronics, 1951 thumb|Five-layer mu-metal box. Each layer is about 5 mm thick. It reduces the effect of the Earth's magnetic field inside by a factor of 1500.

mineral (as opposed to the chemical element), broad sense

Elinvar is a nickel–iron–chromium alloy notable for having a modulus of elasticity which does not change much with temperature changes.

alloy

Supermalloy is an alloy composed of nickel (75%), iron (20%), and molybdenum (5%). It is a high permeability ferromagnetic alloy used in magnetic cores and magnetic shielding in electrical components, such as pulse transformers and ultra-sensitive magnetic amplifiers. It has a resistivity of 0.6 Ω·mm2/m (or 6.0 x 10−7Ω·m), an extremely high relative magnetic permeability (approximately ), and a low coercivity. Supermalloy is used in manufacturing components for radio engineering, telephony, and telemechanics instruments.

thumb|Assortment of Kovar metal shapes from an advertisement in a 1950 electronics magazine

Nikasil is a trademarked electrodeposited lipophilic nickel matrix silicon carbide coating for engine components, mainly piston engine cylinder liners.

Nivarox, also known as Nivarox - FAR SA is a Swiss company formed by a merger in 1984 between Nivarox SA and '''Fabriques d'Assortiments Réunis (FAR)'''. It is currently owned by the Swatch Group. Nivarox is also the trade name of the metallic alloy from which its products are fabricated. Its notable property is that its coefficient of elasticity is remarkably constant with temperature. Nivarox is most famous for producing hairsprings that are attached to the balance wheel inside a mechanical watch movement, as well as mainsprings which provide the motive power for the watch.

thumb|A USB flash drive with a Liquidmetal case.

nickel-based alloy

hydrogenation catalyst

Nimonic is a family of nickel-based high-temperature low creep superalloys. Nimonic alloys typically consist of more than 50% nickel and 20% chromium with additives such as titanium and aluminium. The term is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation.

producer of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature alloys

Nicrosil is a nickel alloy containing about 14.4% chromium, 1.4% silicon, and (in some sources) 0.1% magnesium.

Nisil is an alloy of nickel (95.5% wt.) and silicon (4.4% wt.) with traces of Mg (0.1% wt.), which is non-magnetic.