Nine Courts

Chinese constellation with 3 stars in the Supreme Palace enclosure representing Officials of nine luxury units

institution of the imperial family of the Ming and Qing dynasties

historical government agency

The ' or , variously translated as the Court of Judicature and Revision, the Court of Judicial Review, and the Office of Justice, was the supreme court for criminal cases under most of the dynasties of imperial China. It was also referred to as or ' because interrogations of criminals sometimes took place under thorn trees. Ancient Vietnam followed ancient China's precedent and also established a similar institution.

historical central government agency

top service agencies of the central government during imperial China