Norse exonyms

thumb|350px|Towns of mentioned in Old Scandinavian sources, according to T. Jackson, E. Melnikova, K. Müllenhoff, V. Thomsen, and A. Bugge.

thumb|Maps showing the archaeological cultures of Greenland, Labrador, Newfoundland and the Canadian arctic islands in the years 900, 1100, 1300 and 1500. The green colour shows the [[Dorset Culture, blue the Thule Culture, red Norse Culture, yellow Innu and orange Beothuk]] ' (Old Norse and , plural ') is the name the Norse Greenlanders used for the peoples they encountered in North America (Canada and Greenland). In surviving sources, it is first applied to the Thule people, the proto-Inuit group with whom the Norse coexisted in Greenland after about the 13th century. In the Icelandic sagas,

thumb|upright=1.2|Bjarmaland (Biarmia) as illustrated in the Carta marina (1539) by [[Olaus Magnus]]

thumb|srklant on the Tillinge Runestone raised in memory of a Varangian who did not return from Serkland, at the church of Tillinge in [[Uppland, Sweden.]]

Kvenland, known in medieval sources by various names including Cwenland, Qwenland, and Kænland, is an ancient region in northern Scandinavia. Kvenland and the ethnonym Kven are only mentioned in a small number of historical accounts and remain a subject of scholarly debate. Kvenland was located somewhere east of Scandinavian Mountains, and is often suggested to have been located at the Bothnian Bay in northern parts of present-day Sweden and Finland.

right|250px|thumb|The oldest regions labelled Reidgotaland (in red and orange). The purple area is the Roman Empire and the pink area is [[Gotland]] Reidgotaland, Reidgothland, Reidgotland, Hreidgotaland or Hreiðgotaland was a land mentioned in Germanic heroic legend (mentioned in the Scandinavian sagas as well as the Anglo-Saxon Widsith) usually interpreted as the land of the Goths.

In Norse legend, Valland is the name of the part of Europe which is inhabited by Celtic and Romance peoples. The element Val- is derived from *Walhaz, a Proto-Germanic word whose descendants were used in various Germanic languages to refer to the inhabitants of the Western Roman Empire.