Nuclear technology

power generated from nuclear reactions

device to initiate and control a sustained nuclear chain reaction

material that can be used in nuclear fission or fusion to derive nuclear energy

smallest amount of fissile material needed for a sustained nuclear chain reaction

technology that involves the reactions of atomic nuclei

applied science

chemical compound

medium that reduces the speed of fast neutrons, turning them into thermal neutrons that can sustain nuclear chain reactions; e.g. water, graphite, heavy water, beryllium

conversion of one chemical element or an isotope into another chemical element

devices generating electricity from radioisotope decay

process of manufacturing and consuming nuclear fuel

thumb|Spallation as a result of impact can occur with or without penetration of the impacting object.

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Radiolysis is the dissociation of molecules caused by ionizing radiation. The high-energy flux results in cleavage of one or more chemical bonds. Radiolysis is distinguished from other dissociations by the type of radiation involved: it is not photodissociation using lower-energy ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum or other high-energy processes such as an electric discharge. The chemistry of concentrated solutions under ionizing radiation is extremely complex. Radiolysis can locally modify redox conditions, and therefore the speciation and the solubility of the compounds.

device that emits neutrons

substance with a large neutron absorption cross-section, which degrade nuclear fission chain reactions in reactors

portion of a nuclear reactor containing the nuclear fuel

Irradiation is the process by which an object is exposed to radiation. An irradiator is a device used to expose an object to radiation, most often gamma radiation, for a variety of purposes. Irradiators may be used for sterilizing medical and pharmaceutical supplies, preserving foodstuffs, alteration of gemstone colors, studying radiation effects, eradicating insects through sterile male release programs, or calibrating thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs).

process whereby a nuclear power plant site is dismantled

state of a nuclear reactor where the nuclear chain reaction is precisely self-sustaining

discontinuation of usage of nuclear power for energy production

heat released as a result of radioactive decay

product of nuclear fission

dislocation of atoms in a solid caused by neutron radiation

ship type

use of gaseous tritium to create visible light

isotopes that are produced by interaction of cosmic rays with the nucleus of the atom

nuclear explosion conducted for non-military purposes

generators of electrical current, in effect a form of battery, which use energy from a radioactive source emitting beta particles (electrons)

nuclear fuel cycle using 232Th as fertile material, which absorbs neutrons to become into 233U (the nuclear fuel), which fissions to produce energy

problem in nuclear reactor start-up

water standard defining the isotopic composition of fresh water

In nuclear power technology, burnup is a measure of how much energy is extracted from a given amount of nuclear fuel. It may be measured as the fraction of fuel atoms that underwent fission in %FIMA (fissions per initial heavy metal atom) or %FIFA (fissions per initial fissile atom) as well as the actual energy released per mass of initial fuel in gigawatt-days/metric ton of heavy metal (GWd/tHM), or similar units. The amount of initial fuel in the denominator is defined as all uranium, plutonium, and thorium isotopes, not including alloying or other chemical compounds or mixtures in the fuel

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device that provides heat through radioactive decay

formula used to calculate nuclear chain reaction growth rate

neutron emitted after a nuclear fission event, as a fission product daughter after beta decay, any time from a few milliseconds to a few minutes after the fission event

power generation device

The W86 was an American earth-penetrating ("bunker buster") nuclear warhead, intended for use on the Pershing II intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM). The W86 design was canceled in September 1980 when the Pershing II missile mission shifted from destroying hardened targets to targeting soft targets at greater range. The W85 warhead, which had been developed in parallel with the W86, was used for all production Pershing II missiles.

nuclear battery concept

arms control agreement between Russia and US

sustained nuclear fission achieved solely by prompt neutron emission

propulsion system

software package for simulating nuclear processes

organization

controversies surrounding nuclear weapons

chemical or nuclear explosion that occurs underwater

Radappertization is a form of food irradiation which applies a dose of ionizing radiation sufficient to reduce the number and activity of viable microorganisms to such an extent that very few, if any, are detectable in the treated food by any recognized method (viruses being excepted).

grade of graphite specifically manufactured for use within nuclear reactors

program of experimental radioisotope thermoelectric generators

neutron immediately emitted by a nuclear fission event

type of radioisotope generator

Critical radionuclides for the long-term safety of nuclear waste repositories

cloud of atoms that is tossed upwards by lasers in the Earth's gravitational field

Power system for use on spacecraft

formula used to calculate nuclear chain reaction growth rate

area in which nuclear weapons and power plants are banned

radiation therapy for cancer