Nucleotides

chemical compound

Adenylosuccinate, also known as succinyl-adenosine monophosphate (S-AMP), is an intermediate in the interconversion of purine nucleotides inosine monophosphate (IMP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). The enzyme adenylosuccinate synthase carries out the reaction of IMP to S-AMP in a 2 step mechanism, requiring the input of energy from a phosphoanhydride bond from the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) first, followed by the addition of aspartate. This reaction needs Mg2+, and is competitively inhibited by the subsequent product AMP in a negative feedback mechanism. GTP, the product of

'Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide (or FormylGlycinAmideRibotide', FGAR) is a biochemical intermediate in the formation of purine nucleotides via inosine-5-monophosphate, and hence is a building block for DNA and RNA. The vitamins thiamine and cobalamin also contain fragments derived from FGAR.

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5′-Phosphoribosyl-4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole (or CAIR) is an intermediate in the formation of purines.

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Diquafosol (tradename Diquas) is a pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of dry eye disease. It was approved for use in Japan in 2010. It is formulated as a 3% ophthalmic solution of the tetrasodium salt.

Bemnifosbuvir (AT-527, RO7496998) is an antiviral drug invented by Atea Pharmaceuticals and licensed to Roche for clinical development, a novel nucleotide analog prodrug originally developed for the treatment of hepatitis C. Bemnifosbuvir is the orally bioavailable hemisulfate salt of AT-511, which is metabolized in several steps to the active nucleotide triphosphate AT-9010, acting as an RNA polymerase inhibitor and thereby interfering with viral replication. Bemnifosbuvir has been researched for the treatment of coronavirus diseases such as that produced by SARS-CoV-2. It showed good results

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Bucladesine is a cyclic nucleotide derivative which mimics the action of endogenous cAMP and is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

Nullomers are short sequences of DNA that do not occur in the genome of a species (for example, humans), even though they are theoretically possible. Nullomers must be under selective pressure - for example, they may be toxic to the cell. Some nullomers have been shown to be useful to treat leukemia, breast, and prostate cancer. They are not useful in healthy cells because normal cells adapt and become immune to them. Nullomers are also being developed for use as DNA tags to prevent cross contamination when analyzing crime scene material.

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universally accepted notation uses the Roman characters G, C, A, and T, to represent the four nucleotides commonly found in DNA

GTPgammaS (GTPγS, guanosine 5'-O-[gamma-thio]triphosphate) is a non-hydrolyzable or slowly hydrolyzable G-protein-activating analog of guanosine triphosphate (GTP). Many GTP binding proteins demonstrate activity when bound to GTP, and are inactivated via the hydrolysis of the phosphoanhydride bond that links the γ-phosphate to the remainder of the nucleotide, leaving a bound guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and releasing an inorganic phosphate. This usually occurs rapidly, and the GTP-binding protein can then only be activated by exchanging the GDP for a new GTP molecule. The substitution of sulfur

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Denufosol (INN) is an inhaled drug for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, being developed by Inspire Pharmaceuticals and sponsored by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. It was tested in two Phase III clinical trials, TIGER-1 and TIGER-2. Initially, in the first Phase III trial, TIGER-1, the compound showed significant results as compared with placebo. In the second Phase III trial, TIGER-2, the compound did not meet the primary endpoint, a significant change in baseline FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) at the week 48 endpoint as compared to placebo. As of 2011, no additional clinical