Numismatics

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thumb|upright=1.3|A South African cheque from 1933

thumb|Coin collectors and enthusiasts at an exhibition organized by the Numismatic Society of Calcutta, Kolkata, [[West Bengal, in 2022]]

thumb|5,000 Russian rubles of the 2023 series, the highest available nominal in circulation thumb|500 Belarusian rubles of the 2009 series, the highest available nominal in circulation, though it is rarely seen

thumb|Austrian gold ducat depicting Kaiser Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz-Josef, The ducat ( ) coin was used as a trade coin in Europe from the later Middle Ages to the 19th century. Its most familiar version, the gold ducat or sequin containing around of 98.6% fine gold, originated in Venice in 1284 and gained wide international acceptance over the centuries. Similarly named silver ducatons also existed. The gold ducat circulated along with the Florentine florin and preceded the modern British pound sterling.

medal generally awarded for first place or a high achievement

currency established as money by government regulation or law

thumb|250px|A 1933 UK shilling thumb|250px|1956 Elizabeth II UK shilling showing English and Scottish reverses

monetary symbol used in many national currencies

ancient Greek currency and weight

The stater (; ) was an ancient coin used in various regions of Greece. The term is also used for similar coins, imitating Greek staters, minted elsewhere in ancient Europe.

Currency of the Roman Republic and Empire

money that was created illegally

Seigniorage , also spelled seignorage or seigneurage (), is the profit a government makes from issuing currency, which is the difference between the face value of money and the cost of producing it.

19th-century attempt to unify several European currencies into a single currency that could be used in all the member states (1865–1927)

thumb|Notaphily banknotes

digital currency issued by a central bank

thumb|An AE1 follis of Diocletian, 27 mm

aspect of history

originally a German coin later used elsewhere in Central Europe

In monetary economics, redenomination is the process of changing the face value of banknotes and coins in circulation. It may be done because inflation has made the currency unit so small that only large denominations of the currency are in circulation. In such cases the name of the currency may change or the original name may be used with a temporary qualifier such as "new". Redenomination may be done for other reasons such as changing over to a new currency such as the Euro or during decimalisation.

The dupondius (Latin two-pounder) was a brass coin used during the Roman Republic and Roman Empire valued at 2 asses (4/5 of a sestertius or 1/5 of a denarius during the Republic and 1/2 of a sestertius or 1/8 of a denarius during the time of Augustus).

thumb|right|300px|A quinarius of 90 BC of L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi: Obv.: head of Roma right in a winged helmetq; V (asses) for quinarius. Rev.: Dioscuri riding right, stars above heads; ROMA below.

thumb|300px|Jovian (Emperor)|Jovian siliqua, c. 363. 18 mm and 2.2 grams. thumb|300px|Constantine III (Western Roman emperor)|Constantine III The siliqua (. siliquas or siliquae) is the modern namegiven without any ancient evidence to confirm the designationto small, thin, Roman silver coins produced in the 4th century and later. When the coins were in circulation, the Latin word was a unit of weight or value defined by one late Roman writer as one twenty-fourth of a Roman solidus.

thumb|right|200px|Cast semissis thumb|right|200px

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thumb|The Coins of the Swiss franc|Swiss 5-Rappen coin thumb|The Coins of the Swiss franc|Swiss 1-Rappen coin has not been valid since 2007. thumb|Rappenpfennig from Freiburg im Breisgau, ca. 1290

In medieval and early modern Germany, the '''''' (; Latin ) was the head or manager of a mint, a moneyer with responsibility for the minting of coins, or specie. His duties were defined differently at different times and places.

Elymais or Elamais (Ἐλυμαΐς, Hellenic form of the more ancient name, Elam) was an autonomous state of the 2nd century BC to the early 3rd century AD, frequently a vassal under Parthian control. It was located at the head of the Persian Gulf in Susiana (the present-day region of Khuzestan, Iran). Most of the population probably descended from the ancient Elamites, who once had control of that area.

type of money order issued by a Post office

thumb|Imperial gold syceethumb|upright=0.8|Silver sycee thumb|Drawing of a boat-shaped silver sycee thumb|Silver sycee thumb|Gold sycee and molds

A sceat or sceatta ( ; , ) was a small, thick silver coin minted in England, Frisia, and Jutland during the Anglo-Saxon period that normally weighed 0.8–1.3 grams (about  troy ounce). It is now (as of 2024) more commonly known in England as an 'early penny'.

thumb|Centenionalis of Magnentius The bronze centenionalis coins (plural: centenionales) were the attempts of Constans and Constantius II to reintroduce a large bronze coin between 320 and 340 AD, as the follis had by then shrunk dramatically. The type of coin it was is uncertain, but numismatists have categorized large bronze coins of the above date under this denomination. The centenionalis, however, did not last long. By the end of Theodosius the Great's rule, only smaller varieties of bronze coins were minted (AE3 and AE4).

thumb|Commemorative medal for the [[Battle of White Mountain with portrait of Emperor Ferdinand II by Giovanni Pietro de Pomis]] A medalist (or medallist) is an artist who designs medals, plaquettes, badges, metal medallions, coins and similar small works in relief in metal. Historically, medalists were typically also involved in producing their designs, and were usually either sculptors or goldsmiths by background. In modern times, medalists are mostly primarily sculptors of larger works, but in the past the number of medals and coins produced were sufficient to support specialists who spent

coin consisting of more than one metal or alloy

proper description of a currency amount, usually for coins or banknotes

British pre-decimalization coin

Colnect Collectors Club Community is a website containing wiki-like collectables catalogs. It allows collectors to manage their personal collection using these catalogs and automatically match their swap/wish-lists with those of other collectors. Colnect provides a marketplace dedicated to buying and selling collectibles. Colnect's phone cards catalog is the biggest in the world.

thumb|Norman tarì of Roger II of Sicily, with [[Arabic inscriptions, minted in Palermo. Now in the British Museum.]] thumb|A pre-Norman Sicilian ruba'i/tarì in the name of Caliph Ma'ad al-Mustansir Billah|Al-Mustansir. [[British Museum.]] thumb|A pre-Norman Sicilian ruba'i/tarì in the name of Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah|Al-Hakim, 1005. [[British Museum.]] Tarì (from Arabic , ) was the Christian designation of a type of gold coin of Islamic origin minted in Sicily, Malta and Southern Italy from about 913 to the 13th century.

thumb|right|250px|A silver litra from Sicily, BC thumb|right|250px|A BC bronze onkia coin (a 1/12 subdivision of a litra) with one value-pellet above the boar. A coin worth 2/12 or 3/12 litra would have had 2 or 3 value pellets respectively. A litra (: litrae; ) was a small silver coin (or unit of measurement for other precious metals) used in the Archaic-era and early Classical colonies of ancient Greece in general and in ancient Sicily in particular. As a coin, the litra was similar in value to the obol. In silver content, the coin weighed and was equal to one-fifth of a drachma. As a unit

Nomisma () was the ancient Greek word for "money" and is derived from nomos () meaning "'anything assigned,' 'a usage,' 'custom,' 'law,' 'ordinance,' or 'that which is a habitual practice.'"

textured edge of a coin, sometimes lettered

process of determining the grade of a coin

currency

coinage produced and used in the Kingdom of Aksum

Scripophily is the study and collection of stock and bond certificates. A specialized field of numismatics, scripophily has developed as an area of collecting because of the inherent beauty of certain historical certificates, and because of interest in the historical context of many of the documents. In addition, some stock certificates serve as excellent examples of engraving. Occasionally, an old stock certificate is found that still has value, representing actual shares in the original or a successor company.

thumb|A 2004 USA Geocoin

thumb|350px|Didrachm or quadrigatus (ca. 225–212 BC), with a laureate head of [[Janus or the twinned Dioscuri, and Victory driving a quadriga (four-horse chariot)]] The quadrigatus was a medium-sized silver coin produced by the Roman Republic during the 3rd century BC. The obverse featured a young janiform bust and the reverse featured Victory driving a quadriga (four-horse chariot), giving the coin its Roman name, with the inscription "ROMA" below.

250px|thumb|Bohemia, Joachimsthaler 1525. Obverse, picturing St. Joachim. thumb|Bohemia, Joachimsthaler 1525. Reverse, picturing the Bohemian Lion. The tolar () or Jáchymovský tolar was a silver coin minted in the Kingdom of Bohemia from 1520 until 1672 in Jáchymov (German: Joachimsthal). The obverse of the coin depicts Saint Joachim with the coat-of-arms of the noble family Schlik, who founded the mint in the Ore Mountains, with the titles of the Schlik brothers in inscription: "STEPHANI:ET:FRATRVM: COMITVM:DE:BASSANO" (without abbreviations). The reverse side depicts the crowned Bohemian lio

thumb|Ashrafi minted in the reign of Ashraf Hotak|Shāh Ashraf Hōtak (d. 1730)

coin hoard

European/Ottoman coins sometimes specially issued as an award for presentation

US dollar note tracking website

struck coins process

sample coin to demonstrate the design of a coin

coin production and deployment of ancient China

Öre () is the centesimal subdivision of the Swedish krona. In the Swedish language, the plural of öre is either öre (indefinite) or ören (definitive).