Obsolete scientific theories

Vitalism is an idea that living organisms are differentiated from the non-living by the presence of forces, properties or powers including those which may not be physical or chemical. Varied forms of vitalist theories were held in former times and they are now considered pseudoscientific concepts. Where vitalism explicitly invokes a vital principle, that element is often referred to as the "vital spark", "energy", "élan vital" (coined by vitalist Henri Bergson), "vital force", or "vis vitalis", which some equate with the soul. In the 18th and 19th centuries, vitalism was discussed among biolog

theory, especially during the 1970s, of imminent cooling of the Earth

purported force in living things

late 19th-early 20th century belief of canals existing on Mars

phantom island

thumb|An artist's depiction of the early Hebrew conception of the cosmos. The firmament (raqia), Sheol, and [[Tehom are depicted.]]

ecological theory

hypothetical late 1st-century council

historical color model

language spoken by Adam in the Garden of Eden

aspect of history

thumb|A map showing the generally defined area of the Fertile Crescent in red Panbabylonism (also known as Panbabylonianism) was the school of thought that considered the cultures and religions of the Middle East and civilization in general to be ultimately derived from Babylonian myths which in turn they viewed as being based on Babylonian astronomy, often in hidden ways.

scientific theory rejected by modern mainstream scientific consensus

Postulation that the Kartvelian languages of the Caucasus area are related to the Semitic languages of the Middle East; proposed by Nikolay Yakovlevich Marr in 1920s and 1930s, now seen as outdated

speculation that Moon is hollow

historical language spoken in Île-de-France

the hypothesis that the numerical similarity between the proton–electron gravitational force–electrical force ratio and the classical electron radius–age of the universe ratio is not a coincidence

hypothesis in the history of thermochemistry

attempts to explain the action of gravity by aid of basic mechanical processe

widespread social issue in India

conjectured ice-free body of water

book by Athanasius Kircher