Oil refining

industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful products

thermal or catalytic decomposition of a compound such as a hydrocarbon into chemical species of smaller molecular weight

standard measure of an engine or aviation fuel's ability to withstand compression without detonating

thumb| Steps in the hydrogenation of a C=C double bond at a catalyst surface, for example Ni or Pt : (1) The reactants are Adsorption|adsorbed on the catalyst surface and H2 dissociates. (2) An H atom bonds to one C atom. The other C atom is still attached to the surface. (3) A second C atom bonds to an H atom. The molecule leaves the surface.

thumb|upright=1.5|Typical route for alkylation of benzene with ethylene and ZSM-5 as a heterogeneous catalystAlkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). Alkylating agents are reagents for effecting alkylation. Alkyl groups can also be removed in a process known as dealkylation. Alkylating agents are often classified according to their nucleophilic or electrophilic character. In oil refining contexts, alkylation refers to a particular alkyl

process for increasing the octane number of naphthas; involves isomerization of alkanes, dehydrogenation of cyclohexanes to aromatic hydrocarbons, isomerization and dehydrogenation of alkylcyclopentanes, and dehydrocyclization of alkanes

solid carbon-rich material

conversion process in petroleum refining

Hydrodesulfurization (HDS), also called hydrotreatment or hydrotreating, is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur (S) from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oils. The purpose of removing the sulfur, and creating products such as ultra-low-sulfur diesel, is to reduce the sulfur dioxide () emissions that result from using those fuels in automotive vehicles, aircraft, railroad locomotives, ships, gas or oil burning power plants, residential and industrial furnaces, and other forms of fuel comb

gas combustion device

particular typology of natural gas or any other gas mixture containing significant quantities of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), or similar acidic gases.

Aromatization is a chemical reaction in which an aromatic system is formed from a single nonaromatic precursor. Typically aromatization is achieved by dehydrogenation of existing cyclic compounds, illustrated by the conversion of cyclohexane into benzene. Aromatization includes the formation of heterocyclic systems. center|422px|thumb|The conversion of methylcyclohexane to [[toluene is a classic aromatization reaction. This platinum (Pt)-catalyzed process is practiced on scale in the production of gasoline from petroleum.]]

removal of impurities from gases by scrubbing them in aqueous solutions of various alkylamines

type of biofuel

sector of the oil and gas industry concerned with refining, processing and purifying, marketing and distribution

American chemist (1865–1954)

radical

Gas desulfurization process

Rectisol is the trade name for an acid gas removal process that uses methanol as a solvent to separate acid gases such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from valuable feed gas streams. By doing so, the feed gas is made more suitable for combustion and/or further processing. Rectisol is used most often to treat synthesis gas (primarily hydrogen and carbon monoxide) produced by gasification of coal or heavy hydrocarbons, as the methanol solvent is well able to remove trace contaminants such as ammonia, mercury, and hydrogen cyanide usually found in these gases. As an acid gas and large comp