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Operating system kernels

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kernel
core of a computer operating system
monolithic kernel
type of kernel computer program
hybrid kernel
operating system kernel architecture that attempts to combine aspects and benefits of microkernel and monolithic kernel architectures used in computer operating systems
kernel panic
fatal error condition associated with Unix-like computer operating systems
Linux-libre
According to the Free Software Foundation Latin America, Linux-libre is a modified version of the Linux kernel that contains no binary blobs, obfuscated code, or code released under proprietary licenses. In the Linux kernel, those types of code are mostly used for proprietary firmware images. While generally redistributable, they do not give the user the freedom to audit, modify, or, consequently, redistribute their modified versions. The GNU Project keeps Linux-libre in synchronization with the mainline Linux kernel.
loadable kernel module
Dynamically loadable module that extends a running operating system kernel
loader
part of an operating system that is responsible for loading programs and libraries
exokernel
frame|right|Graphic overview of Exokernel. Exokernels are much smaller than a normal kernel (monolithic kernel). They give more direct access to the hardware, thus removing most abstractions Exokernel is an operating system kernel developed by the MIT Parallel and Distributed Operating Systems group, and also a class of similar operating systems.
Cosmos
open-source operating system building kit
Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate
debate between Andrew S. Tanenbaum and Linus Torvalds
Unikernel
thumb|Comparison of a traditional OS stack and a MirageOS unikernel
KERNAL
KERNAL is Commodore's name for the ROM-resident operating system core in its 8-bit home computers: from the original PET of 1977, followed by the extended but related versions used in its successors: the VIC-20; Commodore 64; Plus/4; Commodore 16; and Commodore 128.
segment descriptor
used for memory addressing in x86 computer architectures
kernel debugger
Debugger for kernel development
JX
Java operating system