Organic semiconductors

American chemist, physicist

Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of formula C14H10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a component of coal tar. Anthracene is used in the production of the red dye alizarin and other dyes, as a scintillator to detect high energy particles, as production of pharmaceutical drugs. Anthracene is colorless but exhibits a blue (400–500 nm peak) fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation.

chemical compound; food additive and dye

Tetracene, also called naphthacene, is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. It has the appearance of a pale orange powder. Tetracene is the four-ringed member of the series of acenes.

Pentacene () is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of five linearly-fused benzene () rings. This highly conjugated compound is an organic semiconductor. The compound generates excitons upon absorption of ultra-violet (UV) or visible light; this makes it very sensitive to oxidation. For this reason, this compound, which is a purple powder, slowly degrades upon exposure to air and light.

Perylene or perilene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C20H12, occurring as a brown solid. It or its derivatives may be carcinogenic, and it is considered to be a hazardous pollutant. In cell membrane cytochemistry, perylene is used as a fluorescent lipid probe. It is the parent compound of a class of rylene dyes.

polymeric chemical substance which intrinsically conducts electricity

thumb|The general structural formula for acenes

Polyacetylene (IUPAC name: polyethyne) usually refers to an organic polymer with the repeating unit . The name refers to its conceptual construction from polymerization of acetylene to give a chain with repeating olefin groups (a conjugated polyene). This compound is conceptually important, as the discovery of polyacetylene and its high conductivity upon doping helped to launch the field of organic conductive polymers. The high electrical conductivity discovered by Hideki Shirakawa, Alan Heeger, and Alan MacDiarmid for this polymer led to intense interest in the use of organic compounds in mic

semiconductor made up of organic materials

thumbnail|230px|Crystal structure of a catenane with a cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)|cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) [[macrocycle reported by Stoddart and coworkers. ]]

thumb|Graphical representation of a rotaxane thumb|Structure of a rotaxane that has a cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)|cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) [[macrocycle.]]

polymer

thumb|right|400px|Space-filling model of the local structure of a polyaniline chain in the reduced leucoemeraldine base (LEB) oxidation state, based on the crystal structure of the tetramer.

Rubrene (5,6,11,12-tetraphenyltetracene) is the organic compound with the formula . It is a red colored polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Because of its distinctive optical and electrical properties, rubrene has been extensively studied. It has been used as a sensitiser in chemoluminescence and as a yellow light source in lightsticks.

Hexacene is an aromatic compound consisting of six linearly-fused benzene rings. It is a blue-green, air-stable solid with low solubility.

branch of chemistry and electronics

class=skin-invert-image|thumb|Polypyrrole class=skin-invert-image|thumb|Pyrrole can be polymerised electrochemically. Polypyrrole (PPy) is an organic polymer obtained by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole. It is a solid with the formula H(C4H2NH)nH. It is an intrinsically conducting polymer, used in electronics, optical, biological and medical fields.

Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) is an organosulfur compound with the formula . It is the parent of many tetrathiafulvenes. Studies on these heterocyclic compound contributed to the development of molecular electronics, although no practical applications of TTF emerged. Over 10,000 scientific publications discuss TTF and its derivatives.

Quinacridone is an organic compound used as a pigment. Numerous derivatives constitute the quinacridone pigment family, which finds extensive use in industrial colorant applications such as robust outdoor paints, inkjet printer ink, tattoo inks, artists' watercolor paints, and color laser printer toner. As pigments, the quinacridones are insoluble. The development of this family of pigments supplanted the alizarin dyes.

thumb|The monomer repeat unit of unsubstituted polythiophene. thumb|Polythiophenes demonstrate interesting optical properties resulting from their conjugated backbone, as demonstrated by the fluorescence of a substituted polythiophene solution under UV irradiation. thumb|Space-filling model of poly(3-butylthiophene) from the crystal structure. thumb|Atomic force microscopy|AFM image of poly(3-decylthiophene-2,5-diyl) on hexagonal [[boron nitride (top-right inset).]]

Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is an orange crystalline solid. This cyanocarbon, a relative of para-quinone, is an electron acceptor that is used to prepare charge transfer salts, which are of interest in molecular electronics.

association of molecules in which an electronic charge is transferred

Diindenoperylene (DIP) is an organic semiconductor which receives attention because of its potential application in optoelectronics (solar cells, OLEDs) and electronics (RFID tags). DIP is a planar perylene derivative with two indeno-groups attached to opposite sides of the perylene core. Its chemical formula is C32H16, the full chemical name is diindeno[1,2,3-cd:1',2',3'-lm]perylene. Its chemical synthesis has been described.

9,10-Diphenylanthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. It has the appearance of a slightly yellow powder. 9,10-Diphenylanthracene is used as a sensitiser in chemiluminescence. In glow sticks it is used to produce blue light. It is a molecular organic semiconductor, used in blue OLEDs and OLED-based displays.

polymer

5,12-Bis(phenylethynyl)naphthacene is a fluorescent dye used in lightsticks. It yields orange light.

Perfluoropentacene (PFP) is an n-type organic semiconductor, which is made by fluorination of the p-type semiconductor pentacene. It has a blueish-black color, and is used for molecular thin-film devices (like OLEDs or OFETs).

polymer

9,10-Bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula is C30H18. It displays strong fluorescence and is used as a chemiluminescent fluorophore with high quantum efficiency.

1-Chloro-9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene is a fluorescent dye used in lightsticks. It emits yellow-green light, used in 30-minute high-intensity Cyalume sticks.

2-Chloro-9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene is a fluorescent dye used in lightsticks. It emits green light, used in 12-hour low-intensity Cyalume sticks.

chemical compound

thumb|right|200px|PEDOT Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT or PEDT; IUPAC name poly(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxane-5,7-diyl)) is a conducting polymer based on 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene or EDOT. It was first reported by Bayer AG in 1989.

thumb|General repeating unit of polysilanes, where the R's are the same or different organic groups. Polysilanes are organosilicon compounds with the formula (R2Si)n. They are relatives of traditional organic polymers but their backbones are composed of silicon atoms. They exhibit distinctive optical and electrical properties. They are mainly used as precursors to silicon carbide. The simplest polysilane would be (SiH2)n, which is mainly of theoretical, not practical interest.

thumb|PEDOT:PSS thumb|Electrochromic switching in two PEDOT:PSS [[electrodes connected by a piece of PhastGel SDS buffer strips. The electrodes were reversibly and repeatedly oxidized and reduced by switching the polarity of an applied 1 V potential. This was observed by a color change between dark (reduced PEDOT) and light (oxidized PEDOT) blue within the electrodes, demonstrating the transport of ions between and into the electrodes.]]