Ornamentation

Vibrato (Italian, from past participle of "vibrare", to vibrate) is a musical effect consisting of a regular, pulsating change of pitch. It is used to add expression to vocal and instrumental music. Vibrato is typically characterized in terms of two factors: the amount of pitch variation ("extent of vibrato") and the speed with which the pitch is varied ("rate of vibrato").

thumb|A series of arpeggios in J. S. Bach's "Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring" [[File:Bach Arpeggio.mid|400x400px]] thumb|"The Star-Spangled Banner" opens with an arpeggio.[[File:The Star-Spangled Banner arpeggio.mid]] thumb|upright=2|Arpeggios open Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata" and continue as accompaniment[[File:Beethoven piano sonata 14 mvmt 1 bar 1-4.mid|500x500px]]

In music, a glissando (; plural: glissandi, abbreviated gliss.) is a glide from one pitch to another (). It is an Italianized musical term derived from the French glisser, "to glide". In some contexts, it is equivalent to portamento, which is a continuous, seamless glide between notes. In other contexts, it refers to discrete, stepped glides across notes, such as on a piano. Some terms that are similar or equivalent in some contexts are slide, sweep bend, smear, rip (for a loud, violent glissando to the beginning of a note), lip (in jazz terminology, when executed by changing one's embouchure

thumb|150px| right|Nino Machaidze, in the coloratura role of Marie, in [[La Fille du Régiment at the Metropolitan Opera House in 2011.]]

thumb|upright=1.2|Tremolo notation (denoting rapid repetition) In music, tremolo (), or tremolando (), is a trembling effect. There are multiple types of tremolo. It is either the rapid repetition of a note, alternation between two different notes, or variation in volume.

musical flourishes that are not necessary to carry the overall line of the melody (or harmony), but serve instead to decorate or 'ornament' that line

musical ornament consisting of a rapid alternation between two adjacent notes, usually a semitone or tone apart

In music, a cadenza (from , meaning cadence; plural, cadenze ) is, generically, an improvised or written-out ornamental passage played or sung by a soloist(s), usually in a "free" rhythmic style, and often allowing virtuosic display. During this time, the accompaniment will rest or sustain a note or chord. Thus, an improvised cadenza is indicated in written notation by a fermata in all parts. A cadenza will usually occur over either the final or penultimate note in a piece, the lead-in (), or the final or penultimate note in an important subsection of a piece. A cadenza can also be found befor

In music, portamento (: portamenti; from old , meaning 'carriage' or 'carrying'), also known by its French name glissade, is a pitch sliding from one note to another. The term originated from the Italian expression ('carriage of the voice'), denoting from the beginning of the 17th century its use in vocal performances and emulation by members of the violin family and certain wind instruments, and is sometimes used interchangeably with anticipation. It is also applied to one type of glissando on, e.g., slide trombones, as well as to the "glide" function of steel guitars and synthesizers.

thumb|upright=1.3|Various mordents

An appoggiatura ( , ; or ; ) is a musical ornament that consists of an added non-chord note in a melody that is resolved to the regular note of the chord. By putting the non-chord tone on a strong beat, (typically the first or third beats of the measure, in time) this accents the appoggiatura note, which also delays the appearance of the principal, expected chord note. The added non-chord note, or auxiliary note, is typically one degree higher or lower than the principal note, and may be chromatically altered. An appoggiatura may be added to a melody in a vocal song or in an instrumental work.

vibrato and guitar technique

thumb|300px|Extract from Diego Ortiz's El Primo Libro ... Nel qual si tratta delle Glose depicting rhythm and generic intervals. Observe the diminution (i.e. division) process suggested by the composer, in reference to the rhythmic figures in the upper and lower musical parts. thumb|400px|A realization of the bottom line of the above Diego Ortiz extract in modern notation, completed with an arbitrarily chosen clef and a time signature.

note meant to be played as one that quickly 'slides' or 'glides' to another note

Cambiata, or nota cambiata (Italian for changed note), has a number of different and related meanings in music. Generally it refers to a pattern in a homophonic or polyphonic (and usually contrapuntal) setting of a melody where a note is skipped from (typically by an interval of a third) in one direction (either going up or down in pitch) followed by the note skipped to, and then by motion in the opposite direction, and where either the note skipped from is distinguished as a dissonance or the note skipped to is distinguished as a non-harmonic or non-chordal tone. With regard to music pedagogi

ornamentation used in the performance of North and South Indian classical music

thumb|right|260px|A clavichord thumb|280px|Clavichord action Bebung (German: a trembling; ) is a type of vibrato executed on the clavichord.