Ostracized Athenians

Thucydides ( ; ; BC) was an Athenian historian and general. His History of the Peloponnesian War recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of "scientific history" by those who accept his claims to have applied strict standards of impartiality and evidence-gathering and analysis of cause and effect, without reference to intervention by the gods, as outlined in his introduction to his work.

Xenophon of Athens (; ; 355/354 BC) was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian. At the age of 30, he was elected as one of the leaders of the retreating Greek mercenaries, the Ten Thousand, who had been part of Cyrus the Younger's attempt to seize control of the Achaemenid Empire. As the military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge wrote, "the centuries since have devised nothing to surpass the genius of this warrior".

Themistocles (; , Themistoklēs; ) was an Athenian politician and general. He was one of a new breed of non-aristocratic politicians who rose to prominence in the early years of the Athenian democracy. As a politician, Themistocles was a populist, having the support of lower-class Athenians, and generally being at odds with the Athenian nobility. Elected archon in 493 BC, he convinced the polis to increase the naval power of Athens, a recurring theme in his political career. During the first Persian invasion of Greece, he fought at the Battle of Marathon (490 BC), and may have been on

thumb|An [[ostrakon bearing the name "Aristeides [son] of Lysimachus", displayed in the Ancient Agora Museum in Athens]] Aristides ( ; , ; 530–468 BC) was an ancient Athenian statesman. Nicknamed "the Just" (δίκαιος, díkaios), he flourished at the beginning of Athens' Classical period and is remembered for his generalship in the Persian War. The ancient historian Herodotus cited him as "the best and most honourable man in Athens", and he received similarly reverent treatment in Plato's Socratic dialogues.

Cimon or Kimon (; – 450BC) was an Athenian strategos (general and admiral) and politician.

Athenian politician and father of Pericles (c.525–475 BC)

thumb|right|250px|Ostracon against Hyperbolus (c. 417 BC). Hyperbolus (, Hyperbolos; died 412/411 BC) was an Athenian politician active during the first half of the Peloponnesian War, coming to particular prominence after the death of Cleon. In 416 or 415 BC, he was the last Athenian to be ostracised.

Megacles or Megakles () was the name of several notable men of ancient Athens, as well as an officer of Pyrrhus of Epirus. ==The first eponymous archon== The first Megacles that appears was legendary archon of Athens from 922 BC to 892 BC.

athenian statesman, son of Melesias

5th-century BC Greek musicologist