Pain

A headache, also known as cephalalgia, is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck. It can occur as a migraine, tension-type headache, or cluster headache. There is an increased risk of depression in those with severe headaches.

Pain is a distressing sensation often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage."

thumb|Tragic mask on the [[façade of the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm, Sweden]]

An analgesic drug, also called simply an analgesic, antalgic, pain reliever, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used for pain management. Analgesics are conceptually distinct from anesthetics, which temporarily reduce, and in some instances eliminate, sensation, although analgesia and anesthesia are neurophysiologically overlapping and thus various drugs have both analgesic and anesthetic effects.

class=skin-invert-image|thumb|Chemical structure of met-enkephalin

disorder involving muscles, nerves, bones of the back

pain in the abdomen

thumb|upright=1.2|The Pillory, from The Costume of Great Britain (1805)

thumb|upright=1.4|alt=painting|Return to the Convent, by Eduardo Zamacois y Zabala, 1868. The painting depicts a group of [[monks laughing while a lone monk struggles with a donkey. ]]

discomfort or pain felt anywhere along the front of the body between the neck and upper abdomen

type of pain felt in the back

neuropathic disorder

Myalgia or muscle pain is a painful sensation evolving from muscle tissue. It is a symptom of many diseases. The most common cause of acute myalgia is the overuse of a muscle or group of muscles; another likely cause is viral infection, especially when there has been no injury.

Neuralgia (Greek neuron, "nerve" + algos, "pain") is pain in the distribution of a nerve or nerves, as in intercostal neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia.

disease with a rapid onset and/or a short course

Pain of the throat

thumb|Prisoners at a whipping post in a Delaware prison,

array of painful conditions in humans

thumb|300px|A display of hot peppers and the Scoville scale at a supermarket in [[Houston, Texas]]

Glossitis can mean soreness of the tongue, or more usually inflammation with depapillation of the dorsal surface of the tongue (loss of the lingual papillae), leaving a smooth and erythematous (reddened) surface, (sometimes specifically termed atrophic glossitis). In a wider sense, glossitis can mean inflammation of the tongue generally. Glossitis is often caused by nutritional deficiencies and may be painless or cause discomfort. Glossitis usually responds well to treatment if the cause is identified and corrected. Tongue soreness caused by glossitis is differentiated from burning mouth syndr

Hyperalgesia ( or ; hyper from Greek ὑπέρ (huper) 'over' + -algesia from Greek ἄλγος (algos) 'pain') is an abnormally increased sensitivity to pain, which may be caused by damage to nociceptors or peripheral nerves and can cause hypersensitivity to stimulus. Prostaglandins E and F are largely responsible for sensitizing the nociceptors. Temporary increased sensitivity to pain also occurs as part of sickness behavior, the evolved response to infection.

type of pain

Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition that affects the vulvar area and occurs without an identifiable cause. Symptoms typically include a feeling of burning or irritation. It has been established by the ISSVD that for the diagnosis to be made symptoms must last at least three months.''''''

symptom of discomfort in the breast

pain caused by cancer or by the treatment of cancer

Caning is a form of corporal punishment that consists of administering strikes (known as "strokes") to the body with what is typically a rattan cane. Generally, this is applied to the recipient's bare or clothed buttocks (see spanking); however, caning may also be applied to the soles of the feet (see bastinado), the palms of the hand, or the back of the thighs. Caning on the knuckles is considerably less common, and in rare instances it may be administered on the back, shoulders, or front of the body.

In physiology, nociception , also nocioception (), is the sensory nervous system's process of encoding noxious stimuli. It deals with a series of events and processes required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal to trigger an appropriate defensive response.

Allodynia is a condition in which pain is caused by a stimulus that does not normally elicit pain. For example, sunburn can cause temporary allodynia, so that usually painless stimuli, such as wearing clothing or running cold or warm water over it, can be very painful. It is different from hyperalgesia, an exaggerated response from a normally painful stimulus. The term comes .

common medical problem

Human disease

slow degeneration (specifically, demyelination) of the neural tracts primarily in the dorsal columns (posterior columns) of the spinal cord (the portion closest to the back of the body) and dorsal roots

medical condition

type of pain

point at which pain begins to be felt

thumb|Wartenberg wheel pain stimulation of the areola and nipple Algolagnia (; from , álgos, "pain", and , lagneía, "lust") is a sexual tendency which is defined by deriving sexual pleasure and stimulation from physical pain, often involving an erogenous zone. Studies conducted indicate differences in how the brains of those with algolagnia interpret nerve input.

Coccydynia is a medical term meaning pain in the coccyx or tailbone area, often brought on by a fall onto the coccyx or by persistent irritation usually from sitting.

nucleus surrounding the cerebral aqueduct

medical condition resulting in brief, stabbing chest pains

medical condition

Type of pain

medical condition

human disease

soreness in a child's legs that often occurs at night

medical condition

theory of pain; asserts that non-painful input closes the “gates” to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the central nervous system; proposed in 1965 by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall

unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to bone

unpleasant feeling of a psychological nature

human disease

Dysorgasmia is the experience of a painful orgasm, usually in the abdomen. The condition may be experienced during or after orgasm, sometimes as late as several hours after the orgasm occurred. Both men and women can experience orgasmic pain. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with painful ejaculation when experienced by a man, but ejaculatory pain is only a subtype of male dysorgasmia as men can experience pain without ejaculating. The phenomenon is poorly understood and underresearched. Dysorgasmia can come as a side effect of surgical interventions such as prostatectomy.

Barodontalgia, commonly known as tooth squeeze, is a pain in a tooth caused by a change in ambient pressure. The pain usually ceases at return to the original pressure. Dental barotrauma is a condition in which such changes in ambient pressure cause damage to the dentition.

an increased response to stimulation that is mediated by amplification of signaling in the central nervous system

clinical sign; pain or discomfort when an affected area is touched

guideline for the use of drugs in the management of pain

Metatarsalgia, literally 'metatarsal pain' and colloquially known as a stone bruise, is any painful foot condition affecting the metatarsal region of the foot. This is a common problem that can affect the joints and bones of the metatarsals.

Sesamoiditis is inflammation of the sesamoid bones.