Paleozoic insects of Europe

Meganeura (Ancient Greek: μέγα (large) + νευρόν (vein or nerve)) is a genus of extinct insects from the Late Carboniferous (approximately 300 million years ago). It is a member of the extinct order Meganisoptera (also known as griffenflies), which are closely related to and resemble dragonflies and damselflies (with dragonflies, damselflies and meganisopterans being part of the broader group Odonatoptera). While various species of Meganeura have been named, only one is now considered valid: the type species, M. monyi.

Coleopsis is an extinct genus of stem-group beetles. It contains a single species, Coleopsis archaica, and is the only member of the family Coleopsidae and superfamily Coleopsoidea. It is known from a single specimen from the Early Permian of southwestern Germany, estimated to be about 297 million years old. It is currently the oldest known beetle.

Archimylacris (meaning "primitive Mylacris", in reference to another species of Carboniferous cockroach) is an extinct genus of cockroach-like blattopterans, a group of insects ancestral to cockroaches, mantids, and termites.

Rhyniognatha is an extinct genus of arthropod of disputed placement. It has been considered in some analyses as the oldest insect known, as well as possibly being a flying insect. Rhyniognatha is known from a partial head with preserved mouthparts from the Early Devonian aged Rhynie chert around 400 million years ago, when Earth’s first terrestrial ecosystems were being formed. The type, and only species is R. hirsti, which was named and described in 1928. Other analyses have interpreted the specimen as a myriapod.

Protophasma (meaning "first phantom") is an extinct genus of protorthopteran insect from the Carboniferous of Europe and North America.

Apthoroblattina is an extinct genus of primitive cockroaches from the Carboniferous period. Fossils of the genus have been found in England, Wales, the United States, and Russia. The paratype specimen for the species A. johnsoni is recorded to have a total length of and a width of , while the type specimen of A. sulcata is noted to have been up to in length and in width if complete.