Panpsychism

German mathematician and philosopher (1646–1716)

American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist (1839-1914)

German scientist (1801-1887)

English mathematician and philosopher

In philosophy of mind, panpsychism () is the view that the mind or consciousness is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of reality. It is also described as a theory that "the mind is a fundamental feature of the world which exists throughout the universe". It is one of the oldest philosophical theories and has been ascribed, in some form, to philosophers including Thales, Plato, Spinoza, Leibniz, Schopenhauer, William James, Alfred North Whitehead, and Bertrand Russell. In the 19th century, views described as panpsychism were advocated by prominent philosophers such as Schopenhauer and James,

American geneticist (1889-1988)

German philosopher and educator (1846–1908)

thumb|200px|Conatus is, for Baruch Spinoza, where "each thing, as far as it lies in itself, strives to persevere in its being." In the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza, conatus (; :wikt:conatus; Latin for "effort; endeavor; impulse, inclination, tendency; undertaking; striving") is an innate inclination of a thing to continue to exist and enhance itself. This thing may be mind, matter, or a combination of both, and is often associated with God's will in a pantheist view of nature. The conatus may refer to the instinctive will to live of living organisms or to various metaphysical theories of motio

American philosopher

American philosopher (born 1968)

American neuroscientist

theory within consciousness research

American philosopher (1852–1919)

American philosopher (1873-1953)

Dutch philosopher (1857–1930)

Scottish naturalist (1861–1933)

English psychologist (1843–1925)

British philosopher (1932-2007)

Scottish-American philosopher and lecturer (1840-1900)

British philosopher

philosopher

American philosopher, psychologist (1862-1940)