Papal primacy

dogma of the Catholic Church; infallibility of certain decisions of the Pope

right|thumb|Statue of Pope Alexander I. Ultramontane Catholics emphasized the authority of the pope over temporal affairs of civil governments as well as the spiritual affairs of the Church. Ultramontanism is a clerical-political conception within the Catholic Church that places strong emphasis on (and expresses loyalty to) the prerogatives and powers of the Pope in matters related to civil state governance. It contrasts with Gallicanism, the belief that popular civil authority – often represented by the monarch's or state's authority – over the Church is comparable to that of the Pope.

Conciliarism was a movement in the 14th-, 15th- and 16th-century Catholic Church which held that supreme authority in the Church resided with an ecumenical council, apart from, despite, or even if opposed by, the pope.

ecclesiastical doctrine concerning the respect and authority that is due to the pope

position of preeminence that is attributed to Peter among the Twelve Apostles

doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church that the pope, by reason of his office as Vicar of Christ and as pastor of the entire Christian Church, has full, supreme, and universal power over the whole Church

Term employed by medieval canonists

History of the papacy and dogmatism

Historical contracts attaching conditions to the election of a pope