Parasympathetic nervous system

one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the others being the sympathetic nervous system and enteric nervous system.

tenth cranial nerve

cranial nerve III, for eye movements

seventh cranial nerve

9th cranial nerve, mixed nerve that carries afferent sensory and efferent motor information

sneezing in response to numerous stimuli, such as looking at bright lights

A paraganglion (pl. paraganglia) is a group of non-neuronal cells derived of the neural crest. They are named for being generally in close proximity to sympathetic ganglia. They are essentially of two types: (1) chromaffin or sympathetic paraganglia made of chromaffin cells and (2) nonchromaffin or parasympathetic paraganglia made of glomus cells. They are neuroendocrine cells, the former with primary endocrine functions and the latter with primary chemoreceptor functions.

thumb|right|200px|class=skin-invert-image|The N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium cation, with an undefined counteranion, X− thumb|right|200px|class=skin-invert-image|Acetylcholine

Vagotonia is the state of the autonomic nervous system in which there is increased parasympathetic input through the vagus nerve, or the equilibrium between the sympathetic and parasympathetic is biased towards the latter. The opposite phenomenon has been referred to as sympatheticotonia.