Parenting

thumb|Human parents and their child A parent is either the progenitor of an offspring, or in humans, it can refer to a caregiver or legal guardian, generally called an adoptive parent or step-parent. Parents are first-degree relatives and share 50% of their genes. A female can also become a parent through surrogacy. Some parents may be adoptive parents, who nurture and raise an offspring, but are not related to the child. Orphans without adoptive parents can be raised by their grandparents or other family members.

thumb|200px|right|Detail from the "Baptism Window" at St. Mary's Episcopal Cathedral in Memphis, Tennessee, showing godparents from the mid-20th century

planning of when to have children, and the use of birth control and other techniques to implement such plans

range of neurodevelopmental conditions

A stepmother, stepmum or stepmom is a female non-biological parent married to one's preexisting parent. Children from her spouse's previous unions are known as her stepchildren. A stepmother-in-law is a stepmother of one's spouse.

children who are believed to possess special traits or abilities

right|thumb|upright|A man pushing a baby in a stroller while jogging. A stroller, also known as a pushchair or buggy (British English), is a wheeled device used for transporting infants and young children. Strollers can have a variety of features such as cup holders, a storage basket, or the ability to carry multiple children.

human child who has lived isolated from human contact from a very young age

parent raising a child alone

family policy measure in which an employee can take time off to care for their children

A stepfather or stepdad is a biologically unrelated male parent married to one's preexisting parent.

thumb|Cropped portrait of a mother spanking her child from a 1937 parenting book

guardianship of an underage person

parent who pays extremely close attention to a children's experiences and problems

child without siblings

term to describe a suite of behaviors in children, disputed by some members of the scientific community

money allotted at regular intervals

thumb|Child having a tantrum thumb|"Christina Rossetti in a Tantrum" by her brother, [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]] A tantrum, conniption, angry outburst, temper tantrum, lash out, meltdown, fit of anger, or hissy fit is an emotional outburst, usually associated with those in emotional distress. It is typically characterized by stubbornness, crying, screaming, violence, defiance, angry ranting, a resistance to attempts at pacification, and in some cases, hitting or bullying and other physically violent behavior. Physical control may be lost; the person may be unable to remain still; and even if th

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process of training someone, particularly a young child, to use the toilet for urination and defecation

the activities and situations that are carried out to achieve the desired behaviour in children

expression about parental feeling of grief and loneliness

workload of people who both earn money and have significant domestic responsibilities

thumb|right|Good Housekeeping is one of several magazines related to homemaking. thumb|right|Title page of Our Home Cyclopedia: Cookery and Housekeeping, published in Detroit, Michigan, in 1889

child custody arrangement

family in which conflict, misbehavior, poor communication, neglect or abuse on the part of individual parents may occur continuously and regularly

Parentification or parent–child role reversal is the process of role reversal whereby a child or adolescent is obliged to support the family system in ways that are developmentally inappropriate and overly burdensome. For example, it is developmentally appropriate for even a very young child to help adults prepare a meal for the family to eat, but it is not developmentally appropriate for a young child to be required to provide and prepare food for the whole family alone. However, if the task is developmentally appropriate, such as a young child fetching an item for a parent or a teenager prep

Sharenting is a portmanteau of "sharing" and "parenting" describing the practice of parents publicizing a large amount of potentially sensitive content about their children on internet platforms, most notably on social media. While the term was coined as recently as 2010, sharenting has become an international phenomenon with widespread presence in the United States, Spain, France, and the United Kingdom.

concept in evolutionary psychology

developmental process for adolescents to become independent

psychological construct for standard strategies that parents use in child rearing

Parent with narcissism

Richard Gardner theory of one parent encourages their child to distance themselves from the other parent.

ongoing, periodic payment made by a parent for the financial benefit of a child following the end of a marriage or relationship

Co-parenting involves parents who together take on the socialization, care, and upbringing of children for whom they share equal responsibility. The co-parent relationship differs from an intimate relationship between adults in that it focuses solely on the child. The equivalent term in evolutionary biology is bi-parental care, where parental investment is provided by both the mother and father.

parenting philosophy that promotes continuous bodily closeness and touch between parent and infant

court order whereby custody of a child is awarded to both parties

type of public nuisance in English common law

in linguistics, the sequences of sounds corresponding to the words for "mother" and "father"

form of punishment used by parents to discourage bad behaviour

act of attaining attention

thumb|upright=1.5|Vervet monkey with young in Tanzania

parenting method

child who returns to an empty home after school or a child who is often left at home with no supervision

thumb|U.S. President Bill Clinton holding a [[printed circuit board containing a prototype V-chip module in 1996]] V-chip is a technology used in television set receivers in Canada, Mexico, Brazil, and the United States, that allows the blocking of programs based on their ratings category. It is intended for use by parents to manage their children's television viewing based on blocking systems. Televisions manufactured for the United States market since January 2000 are required to have the V-chip technology. Since the idea for blocking programs in this way was patented and tested in Canada by

an adult who accompanies a minor, traditionally especially an unmarried girl, in public

Co-sleeping or bed sharing is a practice in which babies and young children sleep close to one or both parents, as opposed to in a separate room. Co-sleeping individuals sleep in sensory proximity to one another, where the individual senses the presence of others. This sensory proximity can either be triggered by touch, smell, taste, or noise. Therefore, the individuals can be a few centimeters away or on the other side of the room and still have an effect on the other. It is standard practice in many parts of the world, and is practiced by a significant minority in countries where cribs are a

children's psychology term

term used for a gifted student who also possesses at least one developmental disability

Self-monitoring, a concept introduced in the 1970s by Mark Snyder, describes the extent to which people monitor their self-presentations, expressive behavior, and nonverbal affective displays. Snyder held that human beings generally differ in substantial ways in their abilities and desires to engage in expressive controls (see dramaturgy). Self-monitoring is defined as a personality trait that refers to an ability to regulate behavior to accommodate social situations. People concerned with their expressive self-presentation (see impression management) tend to closely monitor their audience in

thumb|Child Asleep (The Rosebud) by Thomas Sully (1841)

short removal of a person for disciplinary reasons

parental disapproval intensifies romantic bonds

Social and psychological factors that cause alcoholism in families

activity in relation to the capacity for that work

theory that associated beliefs may change due to compliance, identification, and internalization processes

sociology term; Western woman who works hard to manage multiple roles of a worker, a homemaker, a volunteer, a student, or other such time-intensive occupations

abuse of parents by their children

medical condition

referring to children who are regarded as spoilt and overly dependent